1. Thursday, August 27 Agenda: -Exploration Notes *Test Wed Sept. 2
Warm up: Answer the two question below in complete sentence that restate the question: 1. Put the prehistoric periods in sequential order without looking at your notes. 2. What group was the first to come in contact with the Europeans?

2. EXPLORATION
(SS8H1b) – The student will evaluate the impact of European contact on Native American cultures; include Spanish missions along the barrier islands, and the explorations of Hernando De Soto.

3. In the 15th century, the Native American were developing traditions in America, while European nations were much more advanced and in competition with one another for wealth and military might.
However, even the most modern countries did not have electricity and sewage systems.

4. In the 1200s explorer Marco Polo traveled the known world
In the 1200s explorer Marco Polo traveled the known world. News of fantastic riches and spices in the east (the east was simply called India) was spread through an account of his travels. In Europe, demand for spices & silks increased.

5. For centuries, Europeans traveled Polo's route the Silk Road – to trade with the East.

6. Problems with the Silk Route
It was a 4,000 mile journey to Asia by land.
Difficult journey through mountains and deserts.
By the 1400s, the Silk Road was controlled by Muslims and was infested with bandits.
It was no longer safe for Europeans.

7. For centuries, the people in the East had no idea that the west existed.
Europeans wanted luxurious items from Asia. They were trying to find a water route to buy these goods

8. So, the hunt was on for a faster, safer route to Asia by sea and the Age of Exploration began.
Fears of the Europeans:
Belief that the world was flat
The equator = death
Really expensive
Sea monsters
The Race was On!!

11. -Landed in San Salvador (Bahamas)
Explorer
Years
Nationality
Achievement
Christopher Columbus  
 Italy
-Landed in San Salvador (Bahamas)
-Central, South America, Puerto Rico, Jamaica, and the Virgin Islands.
John Cabot
 1497
Italy
-Discovered Newfoundland in present day Canada.
Amerigo Vespucci
 1499
 -Navigator who gave his name to the new world, America
Vasco Nunez de Balboa   
 1513
Spain
 -Crossed the isthmus of Panama
Ponce de Leon
 Spain
 Discovered Florida
Hernando Cortes
 1539
-Mexico , conquered Aztecs and won gold and silver treasures.
Ferdinand Magellan
 1522
 Portugal
 Reached Asia by sailing west
Francisco Pizarro 
 1535
-West coast of South America. Defeated the Incas capturing the largest silver mine in the world.
Jacques Cartier  
 France
 Explored St. Lawrence River and gave Canada its name.
Hernando De Soto
 1539 -
Landed in Florida and explored Georgia

12. Four European Powers in a race for Exploration

13. The most powerful kingdoms were:
PORTUGAL

14. The most powerful kingdoms were:
SPAIN

15. The most powerful kingdoms were:
FRANCE

16. The most powerful kingdoms were:
ENGLAND

17. Portugal’s Prince Henry (The Navigator)was committed to being the first to reach India by sea. He believed the quickest route to India was to sail around Africa.
SS8H1 – The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia.

18. Portugal started off as the strongest nation in exploration until they were inadvertently kicked out of the race by Pope Alexander the VI who drew the Line of Demarcation.
His purpose was to keep the Catholic nations of Spain and Portugal from going to war, but he instead ensured that Spain would be the dominant world power. Spain claimed all of the lands in the New World
Portuguese Claims
Spanish Claims

19. With the exception of a small portion of land in South America (modern-day Brazil), the Portuguese were forbidden to settle in the New World because of the Line of Demarcation.
Spanish Claims
Portuguese Claims

20. Not to be outdone by the Portuguese, Spanish rulers, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, were desperate to find a water route to India. They hired Italian Christopher Columbus. Columbus believed that the earth was round, smaller than most people believed, and Asia was much larger. He believed the quickest way to India was to sail west. The monarch of Spain agreed to finance his excursion.

21. Background Information on Spain
“Spain in the time of Christopher Columbus was, generally, violent and unstable. Outbreaks of plague, tortures of citizens, and religious inquisitions against Jews and Muslims contributed to the turbulence. According to historians, the outbreak of diseases throughout Europe killed 10 to 20 percent of many towns’ populations with each new wave. An unpredictable, unstable economic climate contributed to famine and malnutrition. Large pits of sewage and mass graves were breeding grounds for disease, and most of the population neither bathed nor kept clean. Ill health and squalid conditions were not the only hardships with which the people of the late fifteenth century had to contend. Wars, riots, and crime also killed tens of thousands in Europe. Often, the leaders of each country were powerless to stop the deadly sweep of war and disease. At times, they were the ones to encourage it.
During the years in which Columbus was traveling from court to court in search of someone to support his trip and his theories, the Inquisition was raging in Spain. The powerful leaders within Spain tortured, maimed, and killed those believed to be non-Christian. Jews and Muslims received the brunt of the attack. They were forced to give up their own religion in favor of Christianity, or face the penalty of torture, expulsion, or death. Nearly 150,000 Jews were expelled from the country, with most being shipped to Africa.”

22. Columbus set sail for Asia by sailing west, but landed in …………
In 1492,Christopher Columbus, financed by Spain, set sail with 3 ships, a crew, and Food.
The Nina, Pinta,
and
Santa Maria
Columbus set sail for Asia by sailing west, but landed in …………

23. Columbus though he was in India, so he called the Natives “Indians”
Also called: San Salvador
The Bahamas
Columbus thought he was here!
But he was actually here
Columbus though he was in India, so he called the Natives “Indians”

24. The discovery of the “New World” made Spain the dominant world power.
In all, Columbus made four trips to North America, but he always believed, until he died, that he had found India.

25. The rulers of Spain soon realized that Columbus had discovered a New World. They began to send Spanish explorers, called conquistadors (conquerors), to take control of their newly discovered lands.

26. However, France and England began to explore as well!!
Spain

27. Spain Why did Spain explore? To find a water route to Asia
God- Spain wanted to convert Native Americans to Christianity (Catholicism).
Gold – to find gold and enhance their treasury
Glory- acquire new lands to expand the Spanish empire
Where did Spain settle?
South and Central America
Florida
Georgia’s Barrier Islands
When?
1500’s

28. Natives Spanish VS Bow and Arrows Guns No horses, armor, or dogs
Attack Dogs
Trained Army
Diseases
Psychological Advantage
Natives
Bow and Arrows
No horses, armor, or dogs
Not trained for war
Low immunity to outside illness
Thought the Spanish were Gods. VS

29. Hernando De Soto 1540 Outcomes:
First European to explore Georgia.
Outcomes:
Never found gold and was killed on the expedition by a hostile native
Responsible for starving and killing a large number of Native Americans.
Brought diseases that killed many and ended the Mississippian culture
Buried in the Mississippi River to hide his death from the Indians
Introduced pigs to the southeast

30. .

31. In 1565, the Spanish moved their colonial capital to St
In 1565, the Spanish moved their colonial capital to St. Augustine, on the Florida peninsula. From there, they began to set up missions on the Atlantic Coast in order to convert Natives to Catholicism.

32. What is a Spanish Mission?
Spanish missions were established throughout Georgia’s barrier islands:
Missions on Georgia’s barrier islands……
-St. Catherine’s
-Sapelo
-St. Simon’s
-Cumberland
What is a Spanish Mission?
The Mission Period lasted from
Spain established missions to convert natives to Catholicism.
The last Spanish mission was attacked and destroyed in 1684.

33. Spanish Impact on Native Americans
Native Americans were often forced to accept European religion. (or die)
Thousands of Native Americans were enslaved and relocated to other Spanish colonies.
Millions of Native Americans were killed by Spanish weapons and diseases like smallpox.
Some tribes (ex., Careb & Arawok) became extinct.
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