1. States of Consciousness

2. Consciousness An organism’s awareness of itself and surroundings Not all-or-none; rather, more on a continuum

3. Attention Selective Attention

4. Dichotic Listening Technique

5. Attention Selective Attention Cocktail-Party Effect

7. Attention Selective Attention Cocktail-Party Effect Automaticity  Divided attention task

10. The Stroop Effect…try it yourself! The Stroop Effect…try

11. Sleep Brain processes external information Brain processes internal information Body remains active In general, can be easily awakened

12. Stages of Sleep Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Stage 4 Stages of sleep

13. Sleep Deprivation REM deprivation Delta deprivation

14. Why do we sleep? Restorative/recuperative therapy Evolutionary/Circadian theory

15. Sleep Disturbances Parasomnias  Nightmares  Night Terrors  Sleepwalking  Sleeptalking Insomnia Sleep Apnea Narcolepsy

16. Nature and Function of Dreams Psychodynamic view  Freud  Wish fulfillment  Unconscious  Manifest content  Latent content

17. Nature and Function of Dreams Physiological/Biological View  Activation-synthesis hypothesis Cognitive View/Information Processing  Dreams of absent-minded transgression DAMIT

18. The Brain and Sleep REM  pons/acetylcholine Initiation/duration  serotonin Wakefulness/arousal  norepinephrine, dopamine

19. Altered States of Consciousness Psychoactive Drugs Tolerance Drug Dependency  Physiological dependence  Psychological dependence

24. Theories of Drug Use Learning Perspective Psychodynamic Perspective Social Perspective Cognitive Perspective

25. Hypnosis Hypnos, Greek God of Sleep Mesmer vivid, frequent fantasies visual imagery high in absorption dependent on others expect to be influenced dissociative experiences