2. Making the Connections

3. Making the Connection

4. Objective: To demonstrate the interdependence between the various human systems

5. Research Problem: How does muscle activity affect heart rate?

6. How does Increasing muscle activity affect the following systems Muscle Activity Respiratory System Circulatory System Excretory system Digestive system

7. Making the Connections

8. Taking your pulse

9. Pulse rate /minute <5151-6061- 70 71-8081-90>90 # of students (resting) # of students (After Exercisi ng) Class Results

10. Making the Connection

11. Normal Blood Vessels Capillaries

12. Clogged Arteries Capillaries

13. The Three Blood Vessels Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart. Less pressure Veins have a valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart. Blood moving away from the heart to organs. thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures Small thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells. Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients. ArteriesVeins Capillaries

14. The Heart:

15. Blood Vessels Blood vessels - System of tubes which blood travels through. If you took all of the blood vessels out of an average child, and laid them out in one line, the line would be over 60,000 miles long! An adult's vessels would be closer to 100,000 miles long!

16. The Three Blood Vessels Blood vessels takes blood back to the heart. Less pressure Veins have a valves to keep blood from flowing back away from the heart. Blood moving away from the heart to organs. thicker walled to handle to handle higher pressures Smaller, thin walled blood vessels for oxygen and nutrients to diffusion into body cells. Surround intestines for nutrient absorption and all organs an tissues for the diffusion of nutrients. ArteriesVeins Capillaries

17. Adults 60-100 bpm Youth 90-100 bpm Who’s heart beats more?

18. The S-A node AKA: The pacemaker initiates the contractions of the right Atrium. The A-V node then sets the basic rhythm of the heart, the rate and strength of its beating can be modified by the medulla oblongata of the brain. Control of the Heart The vagus nerve slows down the pace maker. The Cardio-accelerator speeds it up…

19. Blood Pressure Sphygmomanometer: instrument used to measure blood pressure, 120/80 mm Hg avg male sphygmo = the pulse; mano = rare, thin, roomy meter = to measure manometer = an instrument to measure pressure exerted by a liquid)

20. Making the Connection to Muscle Fatigue

21. Adaptations for Respiration

22. TO RESPIRE: inhaling and exhaling… Inhalation = O 2 (oxygen) enters the body system Exhalation =CO 2 (carbon dioxide) is passed out of the body

23. Your Respiratory System Nose (nasal cavity) Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles alveoli pleura diaphragm

24. Aerobic Respiration Requires oxygen Takes place in the mitochondria When we say that glucose is oxidized, we say that it is broken down with the help of oxygen molecules

25. Aerobic Respiration Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid 2 ATP +4 ATP + O2O2 Water + CO 2 +34 ATP ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs***

26. Aerobic Respiration ***Net Gain = 36 ATPs*** **most efficient ** 2 phases, anaerobic and an aerobic phase Carried out by humans, plants, protists, and a whole lot more.

27. Muscle Fatigue

28. Lactic Acid Fermentation Glucose 2 pyruvic acid 2 ATP Lactic Acid 4 ATP “Lactic Acid Fermentation

29. Lactic Acid Fermentation ****Net gain: 2 ATP **Not very efficient*** **Carried out by Bacteria and HUMAN MUSCLE CELLS (muscle fatigue) **Ever heard, ”NO PAIN NO GAIN?” **Major economic importance to the dairy industry, production of yogurt, sour cream, buttermilk.