1. Critical Thinking Single Decisions have Large Consequences Stacy Zalenski Professionalism Caldwell College

3. As Behavior Analysts We generally are not satisfied with anecdotes or second-hand information – We want to see the data – We want to collect data directly – We know that even the most reputable data may not apply to every learner

4. Casual Thinking—Problem Solving – “I need work done on my car, but don’t like my current mechanic. There is a local mechanic who has been in the same location for the past ten years. My friend takes her car there and recommended that I bring my car there.” Casual vs. Critical Thinking Information (Data) Inference (Conclusion) Implication (Consequence) Assumptions

5. Dangers of Casual Thinking In our field, decisions have lasting impacts on both the learner and anyone who will ever come into contact with that learner. – Waste of time, money, & resources – May not work – May cause more harm Examples: Sensory Integration & Facilitated Communication

6. Ways of Knowing Authority – Books, news/media, professionals & “experts” Human error—cannot rely on findings simply because the source is a current leader in the field Common Sense/ Intuition/ Logic Relies solely on personal judgment Scientific  Combines other sources, but is built upon standard practices for collecting evidence. M. Vigorito, (Fall 2009) Seton Hall University

7. Critical Thinking Skills According to “criticalthinking.org”, there are 35 dimensions of critical thought. – Affective Strategies Thinking Independently Developing Intellectual Courage – Cognitive Strategies, (Macro Abilities) Clarifying Issues, Conclusions, or Beliefs Making Inter-Disciplinary Connections – Cognitive Strategies, (Micro Abilities) Distinguishing Relevant from Irrelevant Facts

9. Critical Thinking Analyze the Evidence – Refer back to Research Methods and rely on the current standards for presentation and analysis of data Listen to all sides – You can discuss solutions found through problem solving, but don’t hold them as the ultimate truth without further study. Don’t “assume” your interventions will work – Don’t believe that simply because you put it together, it is flawless – Submit your program to a “peer-review committee”

10. In Summation ASK QUESTIONS Don’t let feelings or desires obstruct the truth. Read the literature.

11. References Bailey, J., & Burch, M. (2010). 25 essential skills and strategies for the professional behavior analyst: Expert tips for maximizing consulting effectiveness. New York, NY: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group. M. Vigorito (personal communication, fall 2009) http://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/strategy-list-35-dimensions-of- critical-thought/466#s23 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_9BMyaftZ1A http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&feature=endscreen&v=n_FN7pu- huU