1. Who We Are Today Is Who We Were Then Frank Cepollina Associate Director Satellite Servicing Capabilities Office http://ssco.gsfc.nasa.gov Presented to the Goddard Contractors Association August 19, 2015

2. The Large Space Telescope – a Modular, Serviceable Concept 2

3. Putting Reality into the Concept 3

4. 1975: Concept for Servicing of Large Telescopes The Large Space Telescope – a Modular, Serviceable Concept 4

5. 5

6. Rich history of on-orbit satellite servicing. Westar 6 & Palapa 2B 1984 Hubble Servicing Missions 1993 - 2009 66 Intelsat 603 1992 GRO 1991 Syncom IV 1985 Solar Max 1984

7. SM1: COSTAR 7 Servicing Mission 1 (1993)Servicing Mission 1 (1993) Installing Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR)Installing Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) 7

8. SM1: Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (COSTAR) 8 COSTAR Optics Extended Into the TelescopeCOSTAR Optics Extended Into the Telescope Eric Long/NASM, copyright Smithsonian Institution 8

9. 9

10. 10

11. Servicing Mission 2 (1997)Servicing Mission 2 (1997) Space Telescope Imaging Spectograph (STIS) and Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (NICMOS) Installation 11 NICMOS STIS

12. 12 Servicing Mission 4 (2009)

13. SM4: Fastener Capture Plate 13

14. 14

15. First Surgery On OrbitFirst Surgery On Orbit 15

16. 16 Modularity in Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3)

17. Wide Field Camera 3Wide Field Camera 3 NGC 5189NGC 5189 17 Advanced Camera for SurveysAdvanced Camera for Surveys Cepheid Variable Star RS PuppisCepheid Variable Star RS Puppis

18. The Human Impact of the Hubble Servicing Missions Focused on Innovation and Technology, Driven by Our Desire to Explore 18

19. Photolithography 1990 1992 2015 The average human hair is ~70 microns across COSTAR Optics 7/10 th hair 1/1000 th hair 1/300 th hair Optical Fringe Pattern: Demonstrates line accuracy and feature size Photolithography COSTAR corrective optics represent a great improvement in photolithography. Photolithography is a key process for improving transistor density on a chip. 19

20. 20 Apollo Guidance Unit (4 Kb RAM, 27 Kb memory) iPhone 6 (1 Gb RAM, 16 Gb memory) Processing Power: 1 iPhone 6 = 260,000 Apollo Guidance Units Memory: 1 iPhone 6 = 620,000 Apollo Guidance Units Processing Power and Memory Storage COSTAR developed better optics that improved Photolithography and therefore allowed for greater transistor density and storage capacity in a smaller volume. 7 Memory Cards can hold 1 year of Hubble data (1.825 TB) 20

21. Stereotactic Breast Biopsy System replaces surgery Charge-coupled Device A Technological Push to a Medical Reality 21

22. Robotic Technology 22

23. Robotic Surgery da Vinci Surgical System 23

24. 24 Where Are We Going From Here?

25. 25

26. 26

27. 27

28. 28

29. 29

30. 30