1. Africa and Colonialism

2. Satellite Picture of Africa

3. Words to know Colonialism: ruling other countries and keeping them dependent on the ruling country. Imperialism: one country extending its control over another country Imperialism=Colonialism…basically they are the same thing

4. African Resources Africa has MANY natural resources –Gold –Cobalt –Chromium –Phosphates –Diamonds –copper

5. African Gov’t before Europeans Most African communities (not countries) were stateless societies Stateless Society: when people rely on family lineage to govern themselves rather than elect someone or have a monarch Basically….tribal elders made decisions

6. Berlin Conference (1884-1885) In the 19 th Century Colonialism starts to begin –Europe’s industrialized nations become interested in Africa’s Resources –Europeans didn’t want to fight over the resources, so they held the Berlin conference

7. Berlin Conference Berlin Conference (1884-1885): 14 European nations gathered to establish and discuss political control over Africa because they did not want to fight over it

8. Berlin Conference

9. VERY IMPORTANT: European Nations divided Africa without any regard to where African ethnic or linguistic groups lived –Turn to page 469 –Turn to page 322 When they set boundaries, they combined ethnic groups together that had always been enemies

10. Berlin Conference –This causes Civil War throughout Africa after the colonial powers (Europeans) leave in the 1960s

11. King Leopold II King Leopold II: Belgian king who opened up the African interior to European trade along the Congo River By 1884, he controlled the area known as the Congo Free State He used forced labor (slavery) to gather rubber, palm oil, ivory and other resources

12. King Leopold II The Belgian Congo King Leopold II

13. European Control over Africa (Colonial Era) Late 1800s-1960s European gov’ts break down the old system of stateless societies and set up centralized gov’ts The Europeans profit greatly from Africa’s resources

14. The Independence Era (1960s-Present) Many African Nations gain independence in the 1960s Since the Europeans did not pay attention to ethnic boundaries when they divided Africa, each “country” was very diverse and had many problems with civil conflict –See Berlin Conference

15. The Independence Era Economics –Africas economies are still recovering from colonialism Loss of resources Disruption of political systems Cultural and ethnic oppression of people –They have very poor Infrastructure

16. The Independence Era Infrastructure

19. But there ARE modern parts of Africa

21. All the lights are Cities!

22. COLONIALISM AND AFRICA European Colonialism in Africa during the late 1800s-1960s has left the continent struggling for economic, political and social stability throughout the entire continent