1. Darwin and friends

2.  Used principles proposed by other scientists  Observations were made during his voyage on the Beagle and through personal experience of breeding domestic animals.

3.  Theory: proposed idea but not proved through scientific experimentation.  Evolution is a theory based on scientific observations.  Today almost all scientists accept that evolution is the basis for the biodiversity of life on Earth.

4.  Darwin observed that:  Individuals have physical or behavioral traits that better suit their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.  This process is called Natural Selection  Organisms differ from place to place because of the different challenges their ecosystems provide.  Adaptation is used to describe an inherited trait that becomes common in a population.

5.  Selection of alleles: alleles are traits that are specifically selected for in order for the best to survive.

6.  The results of a random mutation or translation error causes inherited variations in every population or species  In some environments certain individuals are better suited to survive and therefore have more offspring (natural selection).

7.  The traits that make certain individuals of a population able to survive and reproduce eventually spread throughout that population.  Natural selection can cause changes in the genes of a population.

8.  Lamarck believed that adaptations arose from use and disuse  “either you use it or you lose it”  Lamarck and Darwin both believed acquired traits develop slowly over time.

9.  Species in different locations evolve/change in different directions.  Reproductive isolation: two populations of the same species DO NOT breed with one another due to geographic isolation.

10. Which is which?