1. PROJECT PLANNING AND SCHEDULLING
Presented by:
PM Dr Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad
Construction Management Group
Faculty of Civil Engineering
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
PROJECT PLANNING
&
SCHEDULLING

2. MANAGEMENT PROCESS Planning Organizing Machinery Human Evaluating Time
Controlling
Quality
Material $
Cost
Information
Directing
Leading

3. Main Objective Of management Effort.....
To maximize the profit !!!!!
$$$

4. Planning is ….
…..devising of a workable scheme of operations that accomplishes an established objective when put into action.

5. THE FOCUS OF PLANNING
What is to be accomplished and how?

6. THE FOCUS OF PLANNING
“Determining the future objectives and appropriates means to achieve it”

7. PLANNING PROCESS WILL ANSWER THESE BASIC QUESTIONS:
What must be done?
How it should be done?
Who should do it?
When it must be done?
How much will it cost

8. ELEMENTS OF PLANNING
Objectives
Action
Resources
Implementation

9. Policies : Major or Minor
HIERARCHY OF PLANNING
Purpose
Objectives
Strategies
Policies : Major or Minor
Procedure and Rules
Programs
Budgets

10. PROJECT PLAN ELEMENTS Overview General Approach Contractual Aspec
Schedules
Resources
Personnel
Evaluation Methods
Potential Problems

11. BASIC FEEDBACK LOOP OF CONTROL
PLAN
ACTUAL no
yes
VARIANCE?
New
plan
Find
Cause
Forecast
to complete
Corrective
Action

12. IMPORTANCE OF PLANNING
COORDINATING EFFORT
PREPARE FOR CHANGE
DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE STANDARD
DEVELOPING MANAGER

13. PROJECT CHARACTERISTIC
COMPLEX AND NUMEROUS ACTIVITY
UNIQUE - A ONE TIME SET EVENT
FINITE - WITH BEGIN AND AN END DATE
LIMITED RESOURCES AND BUDGET
MANY PEOPLE INVOLVED
SEQUENCED ACTIVITIES
GOAL ORIENTED

14. WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING

15. WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING
Lack of commitment to planning
Failure to develop and implement sound strategies
Lack of meaningful objectives and goals
Failure to see scope of plan
Failure to see planning as a rational process
Excessive reliance on experience

16. WHY PEOPLE FAIL IN PLANNING (continue..)
Lack of management support
Lack of clear delegation
Lack of adequate control techniques
Resistance to change

17. A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project.
WHAT IS scheduling ?
FORECAST/PROJECTED PLANNING
A schedule developed act as a baseline for accomplish the project.

18. THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT SCHEDULING
To give confidence to the client
To eliminate any uncertainties
To improve the efficiency of the operation through efficient use of resources and cost control.
To better understand of the project objectives
To provide a basis for monitoring and controlling the work

19. THE IMPORTANCE OF PROJECT SCHEDULING – cont’d
To develop logic relations on site activities
To determine start date for each activity
To determine critical activity.
To monitor cash flow
To enhance operation and resources efficiency
to claim extension of time
to ensure that all resources available for carry out activities.

20. General Schedule - Client / Project manager
Who did the scheduling ?
Client/ Project Manager
Project Engineer
Contractor
General Schedule - Client / Project manager
Detail Schedule - Contractor

21. TYPES OF SCHEDULLING Gantt Chart – Carta Bar/ Carta Turus
Line of Balance
CPM – Critical Path Method
PERT – Project Evaluation Review Technique
Precedence Diagram

22. SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Bar Chart or Gantt’s Chart Activities JAN FEB MAC
APR
MAY
Prelim. & Erthwork
Sub-structure
Frame
Wall
Roof
Finishes

23. Advantages & Disadvantage of Bar Chart
Easy to understand at any hierarchy of management
Effective in term information transfer to technical staff (supervisor and staffs that not familiar with other technique)
Suitable to estimate ‘man-hour’ and ‘machinery hour’
Utilised to plan budget and cash flow
Easy to determine work progress
Disadvantages:
Critical activities cannot be identified
Not effective in order to modify planning
Not effective in order to compress project period

24. SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Line of Balance Piling Pile-cap Piers Deck20
Quantity
Time 34

25. SCHEDULING TECHNIQUE Networking Activity on Arrow - CPM - PERT
(Critical Path Method)
- PERT
(Project Evaluation Review Technique)
Activity on Node Precedence Method

26. LOGIC DIAGRAM Logic diagram represent order and flow of work. Excavate
Footing
Fixed
Formwork
Pour
Concrete

27. TYPICAL ARROW DIAGRAM Fabricate Rebar Pour Fixed Excavate Concrete
Trench
Fixed
Formwork
Fabricate
formwork

28. PROJECT TASK ID # ACTIVITY Duration Latest Start Time Earliest Start
Finish
Time
Latest
Finish
Time

29. TYPICAL PRECEDENCE METHOD LOGIC DIAGRAM
Fabricate
Rebar
Excavate
Trench
Fixed
Formwork
Fixed
Rebar
Pour
Concrete
Fabricate
formwork