1. Translation Catalyst: Where is DNA found? Where is RNA found?
Why do we need RNA?
Convert this strand of DNA into RNA.
GACATTCAGAACAAG
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Catalyst!

2. Objectives By the end of today, SWBAT…
Describe how RNA is translated into protein.

3. Central Dogma
DNA
Transcription
RNA
Translation
Protein

4. What the heck is going on in this picture?

5. RNA loves U Base Pairing
Same rules EXCEPT THERE IS TO NO T. A pairs with U on RNA.

6. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY
A A G
T T C
G T T
A G C
T T C A A G C A A T C G

7. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY DNA COPY
C G T
A A G
T T C
G T A
G C A T T C A A G C A T

8. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY
U C G
G A C
A U C
C G U
A G C C T G T A G G C A

9. USE THE DNA CODE PROVIDED TO MAKE A COMPLEMENTARY RNA COPY
A U A
G A U
U U A
G G C
A A T C C G T A T C T A

10. Homework: the Chart 1 2 ATGC AUGC deoxyribose ribose Store it/hold it
DNA
RNA
# of strands
Nitrogenous bases used
Type of sugar in backbone
What does it do to genetic information?
Is it made of nucleotides?
Found in nucleus? Cytoplasm?
Complimentary strand to DNA of GATTACTACGA?
Complimentary strand to DNA of TTTAGGGCCCAT 1 2
ATGC
AUGC
deoxyribose
ribose
Store it/hold it
Carry it to ribosomes
yes
yes
Nucleus only
Nucleus and cytoplasm
CTAATGATGCT
CUAAUGAUGCU
AAATCCCGGGTA
AAAUCCCGGGUA

11. Translation Key Point #1:
In translation, ribosomes read the information in RNA.
Ribosomes read RNA three bases at a time.
Each set of three is called a codon.

12. The mRNA code Key Point #2:
Each codon is the instructions to make one amino acid.
Amino acids are the building blocks for proteins.
One protein = a bunch of amino acids.

13. Translation

14. Table of CODONS
From your three letter codon, you can use this table to figure out what amino acid it is.
Third Letter

15. Let’s Practice
Codon: UAC
What is the amino acid?
Tyrosine!

16. STOP!
After a protein is done being made, it needs to have a signal to stop adding on more amino acids.
All mRNA chains will end in a STOP codon. This is the end of the protein.

17. Modeling Putting it all together
Change this DNA sequence into mRNA
CCATCGGGAACT
GGUAGCCCUUGA
Now split the mRNA into codons
GGU-AGC-CCU-UGA
Finally, make an amino acid sequence
Glycine-Serine-Proline-Stop
Look in my folder for this video

18. Look in your NOTES! What is translation?
Skip if time is too long… just in case I got this. Codon bingo will take a while.

19. What the heck is going on in this picture?

20. What the heck is going on in this picture?

21. NOTES NOTES NOTES
What is a codon?

22. How many nucleotides make up a codon?

23. What do all mRNA
sequences end in?

24. What is an amino acid?

25. Make this DNA into a protein
Change this DNA sequence into mRNA
CACTGAGTGATC
GUGACUCACUAG
Now split the mRNA into codons
GUG-ACU-CAC-UAG
Finally, make an amino acid sequence
Valine-Threonine-Histidine-Stop
Look in my folder for this video

26. Codon Bingo
Look at your codon tables and put the 20 amino acids in the spots. You will repeat .
I am going to call out codons.
If you get a horizontal, vertical, or diagonal row, you win!

27. OH MAN THERE WAS A ROBBERY
But luckily they have some DNA evidence.
Weirdly, they asked me to get my Biology class to solve it!
Make sure you make a sketch of the suspect! That jerk!

28. What does the process of translation do?
Exit Questions
What does the process of translation do?
Convert this strand of DNA to an amino acid sequence.
AAACAAGCACCC
Write in complete sentences!
Don’t talk during the Exit Question!