1. Public Policy A purposeful and consistent course of action taken by government to address a particular problem

2. Public Policy 3 Categories – Social Welfare Policy – Foreign Policy – Economic Policy

3. Social Welfare Policy The Welfare State – Since the 1930s – Includes Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Food Stamps, Unemployment Insurance, aka ENTITLEMENT PROGRAMS – Programs like TANF (Temporary Assistance to Needy Families) provide block grants to the states

5. Entitlements Entitlement spending is non- discretionary – Spending mandated by law Discretionary spending – The spending that Congress can adjust from budget to budget

7. Who Gets What? Who receives the most benefits from social welfare policy? – The Elderly and the Middle Class Who receives the least benefits from social welfare policy? – Children and the Working Poor

8. The Elderly Widely seen as a deserving population AARP is a powerful interest group Main recipients of the two strongest social welfare programs: SS and Medicare (which every worker contributes to)

9. The Middle Class SS and Medicare relieve the financial burden of caring for elderly family members Employers are not taxed when they contribute to an employees health insurance or pension plan Don’t have to pay income tax on mortgage interest. This promotes home ownership

10. The Working Poor Many are just above the poverty line Have jobs without health insurance or pensions (ACA designed to help) Many are renters Not much political power They DO receive Earned Income Tax Credit and can receive food stamps

11. Minorities, Women, and Children Disproportionately poor Do not wield much political power Single mothers with day care costs are particularly burdensome Our child poverty rate is alarmingly high (over 20%)

12. The Nonworking Poor Most Americans resent able-bodied nonworking poor Without children, only eligible for food stamps With children, eligible for TANF, Medicaid, and food stamps Virtually no political clout therefore they do not shape public policy on this issue

13. Foreign Policy Crafted by a smaller group of people than those who influence domestic policy The American Foreign Policy Establishment – The President and his immediate foreign policy advisors Secretaries of Defense, State, and Treasury Joint Chiefs of Staff CIA NSC Homeland Security

14. U.S. Foreign Policy Establishment Leaders of Congress and key Congressional committees (Foreign Relations) Unofficial influences – Interest groups – Economic, Human rights, Nationalities – The Media

15. The Tools of U.S. Foreign Policy Diplomacy The United Nations The International Monetary Fund (IMF) Economic Aid Alliances (NATO) Military force

16. Economic Policy In the aftermath of the Great Depression, the federal government took a lead role in trying to stabilizing the economy and promoting economic growth Fiscal Policy – Taxing and spending policies of Congress Monetary Policy – Manipulation of the supply of money by the Federal Reserve

17. Promoting Business and Protecting Consumers Congress provides categorical grants to the states to promote business development Business sectors get subsidies, tax breaks, and loans Bureaucratic agencies encourage and support businesses – Small Business Administration

18. Economic Policy Government also protects consumers and the environment by regulating businesses – Food and Drug Administration – Environmental Protection Agency – Consumer Product Safety Commission