1. Growth of the American Colonies 1689-1754

2. Colonies of an Empire

3. The English Civil War (1640-1660) The Sides: The Sides: King Charles I King Charles I Parliament Parliament The Dispute: The Dispute: Parliament believed that Charles I was trying to limit its power. Parliament believed that Charles I was trying to limit its power. The Results: The Results: Parliament defeated the King and had him beheaded. Parliament defeated the King and had him beheaded. Years later Parliament restored Charles II as king to regain stability. Years later Parliament restored Charles II as king to regain stability. Meanwhile England ignored the colonies and allowed them a large measure of self government. Meanwhile England ignored the colonies and allowed them a large measure of self government.

4. King Charles I

5. Charles II

6. Mercantilism The Theory The Theory Mercantilists believed: Mercantilists believed: A country should try to get and keep as much gold and silver as possible; A country should try to get and keep as much gold and silver as possible; If no mines existed trade should be the source of wealth; If no mines existed trade should be the source of wealth; Colonies should be used as a source of raw goods and a market for finished goods from the mother country. Colonies should be used as a source of raw goods and a market for finished goods from the mother country.

7. Mercantilism effect on trade laws: Mercantilism effect on trade laws: England sought to have as many colonies as possible; England sought to have as many colonies as possible; Charles II approved the Navigation Act which: Charles II approved the Navigation Act which: Tightened control of colonial trade; Tightened control of colonial trade; Required colonies to sell certain goods only to England; Required colonies to sell certain goods only to England; Required that any goods sold to another country must first be sent through England to be taxed. Required that any goods sold to another country must first be sent through England to be taxed.

8. Mercantilism’s effect on politics and war Mercantilism’s effect on politics and war Europeans began to fight each other for control of territory rather than over religion. Europeans began to fight each other for control of territory rather than over religion. King Charles II and King James II tried to tighten their control of the American Colonies. King Charles II and King James II tried to tighten their control of the American Colonies. King James II abolished the governments of New York and the New England Colonies and combined them into the Dominion of New England. King James II abolished the governments of New York and the New England Colonies and combined them into the Dominion of New England. This angered the colonists and was later reversed when William and Mary took power after the Glorious Revolution. This angered the colonists and was later reversed when William and Mary took power after the Glorious Revolution.

9. King James II

10. Colonial Policy in the Early 1700s Great Britain rarely interfered directly in the colonies. Great Britain rarely interfered directly in the colonies. Self Government Self Government The chief executive of the colonies was a governor appointed by the King. The chief executive of the colonies was a governor appointed by the King. Legislatures elected by the colonists served under the governor. Legislatures elected by the colonists served under the governor. The legislatures came to dominate the decision making process in the colonies. The legislatures came to dominate the decision making process in the colonies.

11. Salutary(beneficial) Neglect Salutary(beneficial) Neglect British practiced this because: British practiced this because: England had a long tradition of strong local government and weak central government. England had a long tradition of strong local government and weak central government. England lacked the resources and the bureaucracy to enforce policies in the colonies. England lacked the resources and the bureaucracy to enforce policies in the colonies. Colonists recognized the power of the King and Parliament without being forced. Colonists recognized the power of the King and Parliament without being forced. The colonial economy was prospering and this served British interests. The colonial economy was prospering and this served British interests.

12. The Colonial Economies Southern Colonies Southern Colonies Raised staple crops such as tobacco and rice. Raised staple crops such as tobacco and rice. Required the use of large amounts of labor. Required the use of large amounts of labor. Middle Colonies Middle Colonies Economy was a mixture of farming and commerce. Economy was a mixture of farming and commerce. New England Colonies New England Colonies Self-sufficient farms and long distance trade dominated the economy. Self-sufficient farms and long distance trade dominated the economy.

13. Colonial Life

14. Society Rich were seen as superior to the poor. Rich were seen as superior to the poor. Men were seen as superior to women. Men were seen as superior to women. Whites were seen as superior to blacks. Whites were seen as superior to blacks. The upper class was called the Gentry. The upper class was called the Gentry. Gentry Gentry were those wealthy enough to hire servants Gentry Gentry were those wealthy enough to hire servants Gentry were distinguished by their wigs. Gentry were distinguished by their wigs.

15. Land Land was the true source of wealth. Land was the true source of wealth. Land owners dominated politics. Land owners dominated politics.

16. Occupations and Trades Artisans Artisans Apprenticeships were very common. Apprenticeships were very common. People learned to be silversmiths, metalworkers, woodworkers, etc. People learned to be silversmiths, metalworkers, woodworkers, etc.

17. Printers Printers Provided a source of news and communication among the colonies. Provided a source of news and communication among the colonies. Famous Printers Famous Printers John Peter Zenger, a printer, was arrested by governor of New York for writing an article critical against him. Zenger was freed because the story was true. John Peter Zenger, a printer, was arrested by governor of New York for writing an article critical against him. Zenger was freed because the story was true. Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin Poor Richard’s Almanac Poor Richard’s Almanac Later invented: the Franklin stove, the lightning rod, and bifocal lenses. Later invented: the Franklin stove, the lightning rod, and bifocal lenses.

18. John Peter Zenger

20. Benjamin Franklin

21. Farmers and fishermen Farmers and fishermen Indentured Servants Indentured Servants Agreed to work up to seven years in exchange for passage to the colonies. Agreed to work up to seven years in exchange for passage to the colonies.

22. Women Status was determined by the men in their lives. Status was determined by the men in their lives. English common law placed women under the control of their husband and allowed the husband to beat her (“rule of thumb”). English common law placed women under the control of their husband and allowed the husband to beat her (“rule of thumb”). Women were responsible for: Women were responsible for: Housekeeping Housekeeping Gardening Gardening Weaving cloth Weaving cloth Sewing Sewing

23. Daily Life Colonists ate better, lived longer, and had more children than average Europeans did. Colonists ate better, lived longer, and had more children than average Europeans did. Colonists had more opportunities to gain wealth. Colonists had more opportunities to gain wealth. Colonists had to be self-sufficient. Colonists had to be self-sufficient.

24. Education School attendance was not required. School attendance was not required. Most learned to read because they wanted to read the Bible. Most learned to read because they wanted to read the Bible. 1647 Massachusetts did pass laws requiring towns to provide public education. 1647 Massachusetts did pass laws requiring towns to provide public education.

25. Slavery in the Colonies

26. The Middle Passage 10-40% of the slaves usually died while crossing the Atlantic. 10-40% of the slaves usually died while crossing the Atlantic. Conditions included: Conditions included: Chains Chains Overcrowding Overcrowding Heat Heat Disease Disease Poor Sanitation Poor Sanitation Starvation Starvation

27. The Middle Passage

28. South Carolina and Georgia Slaves were a majority of the population. Slaves were a majority of the population. Slaves labored in high temperatures and at the risk of dangerous diseases. Slaves labored in high temperatures and at the risk of dangerous diseases. Slaves on plantations were isolated from the slaves of other plantations to keep down rebellion. Slaves on plantations were isolated from the slaves of other plantations to keep down rebellion.

29. Virginia and Maryland Life for slaves was different here because: Life for slaves was different here because: Slaves were the minority not the majority. Slaves were the minority not the majority. Few of them came directly from Africa. Few of them came directly from Africa. Slaves performed different types of less strenuous work. Slaves performed different types of less strenuous work. Slaves had more contact with European Americans. Slaves had more contact with European Americans.

30. New England and the Middle Colonies There were far fewer slaves here than in the southern colonies There were far fewer slaves here than in the southern colonies Farms were smaller and required less labor. Farms were smaller and required less labor.

31. Laws and Revolts By law slaves could not: By law slaves could not: Board ships, ferries, or leave town without permission; Board ships, ferries, or leave town without permission; Own property; Own property; Harm whites. Harm whites. Slaves revolted several times (ie-Stono Rebellion), but were never successful and the punishment was severe. Slaves revolted several times (ie-Stono Rebellion), but were never successful and the punishment was severe.

32. Stono Rebellion

33. Rising Tensions

34. The Need for Land The population grew rapidly doubling every 25 years. The population grew rapidly doubling every 25 years. English custom held that a father should provide land for his son. English custom held that a father should provide land for his son. Ben Franklin and others feared that a land shortage would hamper Americans ability to own private property. Ben Franklin and others feared that a land shortage would hamper Americans ability to own private property. Settlers began to move westward taking more and more land. Settlers began to move westward taking more and more land.

35. Indians and French Respond Native Americans and the French controlled the areas that the colonists were moving into. Native Americans and the French controlled the areas that the colonists were moving into. Native Americans Native Americans Strongly resisted the expansion of the British Colonies. Strongly resisted the expansion of the British Colonies. French French Quickly moved to control Detroit and the Ohio River Valley. Quickly moved to control Detroit and the Ohio River Valley. Tension in this area would soon lead to war. Tension in this area would soon lead to war.

36. Religious Strife Protestant Groups Protestant Groups Anglicans Anglicans Congregationalists Congregationalists Presbyterians Presbyterians Quakers Quakers Dutch Reformed Church Dutch Reformed Church Baptists Baptists Methodists Methodists

37. Great Awakening Great Awakening Revival of religious feeling Revival of religious feeling Began in response to the preaching of Jonathan Edwards in Northampton, Massachusetts. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Began in response to the preaching of Jonathan Edwards in Northampton, Massachusetts. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” Edwards is followed by George Whitefield Edwards is followed by George Whitefield Ministers in the movement taught: Ministers in the movement taught: Anyone could have a personal relationship with Christ; Anyone could have a personal relationship with Christ; All could equally come before God; All could equally come before God; Faith and sincerity not wealth and education were the major requirements needed to understand the Gospel. Faith and sincerity not wealth and education were the major requirements needed to understand the Gospel. Resulted in: Resulted in: More democratic churches; More democratic churches; Growing idea of equality among men; Growing idea of equality among men; Increase in the membership of the Methodist and Baptist churches (most of which came from the middle or bottom of colonial society). Increase in the membership of the Methodist and Baptist churches (most of which came from the middle or bottom of colonial society).

38. Jonathan Edwards

39. George Whitefield