1. Wang Chung Han

2. ASD impaired brain development Behavioral Cognitive physical abnormalities social interaction Gut distress dysbiosis of the microbiota inflammatory bowel disease Obesity cardiovascular disease INTRODUCTION Mice and human social Emotional anxiety-like behaviors brain development and function

3. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES (maternal immune activation;MIA)Mice i.p. on E12.5 with saline or 20 mg/kg poly(I:C) Offspring Bacteroides fragilis every other day for 6 days at weaning Intestinal Permeability 4 kDa FITC-dextran Behavioral Testing

4. MIA Offspring Exhibit GI Barrier Defects DSS:Dextran sulfate sodium S:saline+vehicle P:poly(I:C)+vehicle

5. MIA Offspring Exhibit Abnormal Expression of Cytokines Adult colon Adult small intestines

6. Bacteroides fragilis Improves Gut Barrier Integrity in MIA Offspring

7. Bacteroides fragilis Improves Gut abnormal cytokine in MIA Offspring

8. B. fragilis Treatment Ameliorates Autism-Related Behavioral Abnormalities in MIA Offspring

10. ASD Behavioral Testing Gut Barrier Integrity BF