1. OBJECTIVE: Learn about urbanization, Prohibition and the Scopes Trial
21.1: CHANGING WAYS OF LIFE
OBJECTIVE:
Learn about urbanization, Prohibition and the Scopes Trial

2. PROBLEMS WITH PROHIBITION
1920: 18th Amendment comes into effect with Volstead Act
Saloons and bars close, but demand does not go away
Government does not fund enforcement
People make alcohol at home in “stills” or go to “speakeasies.”
Bootleggers and mob bosses like Al Capone make millions.

3. BOOTLEGGING, AL CAPONE, AND ALCOHOL RAIDS
BOOTLEGGING,
AL CAPONE,
AND ALCOHOL RAIDS

4. EFFECTS OF PROHIBITION
Black market for booze booms
Smugglers bring in alcohol from Cuba, Canada and the West Indies
Police and judges become corrupt from accepting bribes
Cities become violent as mafia and gangs fight for booze market
RESULT: By mid-1920’s, only 19% of US supports Prohibition. YET, not repealed until 21st Amendment in 1933.

5. St. Valentine’s Day Massacre

6. RURAL V. URBAN IN THE 1920’s FACT: in 1920 51
RURAL V. URBAN IN THE 1920’s FACT: in % of US lives in major cities. 2 million people leave rural America every year.
In 1920’s:
NYC had 5.6 million people
Chicago had 3 million people
Philadelphia had 2 million people
Cities are more competitive and less personal, yet more diverse and with more opportunities for work and cultural experiences.
Rural America feels threatened by the changes and “traditional values” are being disregarded by more and more Americans.

7. RISE OF FUNDAMENTALISM
Emerges in 1920’s
Reaction to decline in rural life and “threat” of cities
Rejection of modernity, industrialization, and scientific evolution
Characterized by “revivals”
Charismatic leadership provided by Preacher Billy Sunday and Aimee Semple McPherson.

8. Billy Sunday Revivals

9. The Scopes Trial AKA the “Monkey Trial”
1925: Fundamentalists win battle to make teaching of evolution illegal in Tennessee
John Scopes, Biology teacher, arrested
ACLU hires Clarence Darrow as defense
William Jennings Bryan is special prosecutor
Nationwide audience (trial is outside b/c of crowds)
Darrow puts Bryan “on trial”
Scopes found guilty, pays $100 fine
IMPACT: SHOWS GROWING CULTURAL DIVIDE
IS THIS AN ISSUE TODAY???

10. Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan