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Competition experiments

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1 Competition experiments

2 What are possible response variables for a competition experiment?
What is competition? What are possible response variables for a competition experiment?

3 Associate species Focal species Resource

4 Some competition questions
Does associate species X affect focal species Y? How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Is competition asymmetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa? Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?

5 Focal species Additive design Associate

6 N associate Monoculture of focal N focal species

7 Substitutive design (replacement series)

8 Monoculture of associate
N associate Monoculture of focal N focal species

9 Monocultures of associate
Response surface Monocultures of associate N associate Monocultures of focal N focal species

10 What two factors/processes are confounded in your experimental design?
Which type of competition question can your design answer? Which can it not?

11 Some possible types of competition questions
Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa? Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?

12 Some possible types of competition questions
Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa? Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)?

13 L-shaped additive or substitutive
Some possible types of competition questions Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa? Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)? L-shaped additive or substitutive

14 L-shaped additive or substitutive
Some possible types of competition questions Does associate species X affect focal species Y? Additive How does interspecific competition (effect of X on Y) compare to intraspecific competition (effect of Y on Y)? Substitutive Is competition asymetrical? That is, does either X affect Y more than Y affect X, or vice versa? Is the strength of competition dependent on the density of the associate species (X)? Density of the focal species (Y)? Additive L-shaped additive or substitutive

15 Additive series design for container mosquito larvae
Example: Additive series design for container mosquito larvae

16 Aedes albopictus invades N America from SE Asia in 1985, via used tire trade at Houston
                               1985 1996

17 Breeds in containers habitats (old tires, treeholes), like native species, Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus

18 Ranges overlap, potential for interspecific competition

19 Experimental design (“Additive series”)
Aedes albopictus Substitutive or replacement series Aedes aegypti Juliano, S Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79:

20 Experimental design (Additive series)
Aedes albopictus Addition design Aedes aegypti Juliano, S Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79:

21 Aedes aegypti performance in these treatments Aedes albopictus
Experimental design Can asses Aedes aegypti performance in these treatments Aedes albopictus Aedes aegypti Juliano, S Species introduction and replacement amongst mosquitoes: interspecific resource competition or apparent competition? Ecology 79:

22 Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response
Hypotheses: Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo Aedes albopictus Albo has no effect on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti aeg albo Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo

23 Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response
Hypotheses: Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo Aedes albopictus Albo has no effect on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti aeg albo Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo

24 Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti response
Hypotheses: Albo has an effect on Aeg, and effect of 1 Albo = 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo Aedes albopictus Albo has no effect on Aeg, so effect of 1 Albo = 0 Aeg Aedes aegypti response Aedes aegypti aeg albo Albo has an effect on Aeg, but effect of 1 Albo < 1Aeg Aedes aegypti response aeg albo

25 Aedes aegypti survivorship
Results Aedes aegypti survivorship aeg albo ANOVA: treatment x food x tire(=block) Followed by posthoc to find difference between levels

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