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COMPROMISE Causes of the Civil War 3.01.

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Presentation on theme: "COMPROMISE Causes of the Civil War 3.01."— Presentation transcript:

1 COMPROMISE Causes of the Civil War 3.01

2 Missouri Compromise Added Maine as a free state and Missouri as a slave state Split the Louisiana Territory along the 36º 30’ parrallel North of line – slavery prohibited South of line – slavery permitted

3 MISSOURI COMPROMISE LINE

4 Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Led a slave rebellion Increased white Southern fears about slave rebellions Silenced southern abolitionists SOUTHERN REACTION: Immediate retaliation killing over 200 innocent slaves Led to harsh fugitive slave laws

5 Harriet Tubman Most famous conductor of the Underground Railroad
Former slave, who led over 300 slaves to freedom UNDERGROUND RAILROAD Loose network of whites and free blacks in the South that assisted runaway slaves to freedom in the North

6 Mexican War 1848 U.S. pays 15 million dollars for California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and Wyoming ISSUE of tension – should slavery be allowed in these territories?

7 Compromise of 1850 Admitted California as a free state, while southwestern territories from Mexico could decide on their own Banned the slave trade (NOT slavery itself) in the Distict of Columbia Fugitive Slave Act – required free states to assist in capturing runaway slaves

8 Fugitive Slave Act Passed in 1850
Only had to point out a former slave, they could not defend themselves No right to trial Judge was paid $10 if his decision was in favor of the slaveholder

9 Refusal of cooperation would mean jail or fine for helping runaway slaves
Many freed African Americans taken Further supported the Underground Railroad

10 Harriet Beecher Stowe Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Gained support for the Abolitionist Movement

11 Kansas-Nebraska Act Popular sovereignty – the residents of a territory vote to decide an issue (in this case slavery) “Bleeding Kansas” – Kansas & Nebraska were granted popular sovereignty RESULT - violence between pro – and anti – slavery groups

12 Kansas-Nebraska Act Repealed the Missouri Compromise line
Led to the birth of the anti-slavery Republican Party

13 “Bleeding Kansas” Kansas-Nebraska Act was barely passed in 1855
Missourians flooded Kansas territory with slaveholders and they elected a pro-slavery legislature Their constitution was known as the Lecompton Constitution

14 Abolitionists funded settlers to move into the area and they made their own constitution
Pro-slavery settlers attacked the anti-slavery towns—this was known as “Bleeding Kansas” 200 were killed Caused $2 million in damage Kansas was entered as a free state

15 Caning of Charles Sumner
Congressman Preston Brooks beat Senator Charles Sumner with his cane Brooks claimed he was defending his uncle a pro-slavery senator from South Carolina Violence in the senate represents the tension between the North and South

16

17 Dred Scott Case – 1856 Dred Scott – slave from Missouri
Owner took Scott above the Missouri Compromise line into free territory When his owner died Scott filed a lawsuit claiming his freedom because he had lived in a free territory for several years

18 Dred Scott Decision – 1856 Supreme Court ruled that slaves did not have the rights of citizens (SLAVES = PROPERTY) Therefore… Missouri Compromise line was illegal because it restricted the property rights of southerners Supreme Court has cleared the way fro the expansion of slavery

19 Republican Party Emerges
Many who opposed the extension of slavery were outraged when the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise This anger caused many former Whigs, members of the Free Soil Party, and a few anti-slavery Democrats to work together during the congressional elections of 1854

20 These coalitions took many different names but the most popular was the Republican Party
The party was officially organized at a convention in Michigan in July 1854

21 Lincoln – Douglas Debates
1858 Senate race in Illinois Douglas Supported popular sovereignty, allowing residents of a territory to decide the issue of slavery Lincoln A house divided (half free, half slave) cannont stand” DOUGLAS WON THE SENATE ELECTION…

22 John Brown’s Raid GOAL - seize the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, give the weapons to slave and start a general slave uprising RESULT – unsuccessful, tried and hung for treason Became a symbol of FREEDOM

23 Opposed the spread of slavery
Election of 1860 Candidate Party View on Slavery Abraham Lincoln Republican Opposed the spread of slavery John C. Breckinridge Southern Democrat Pro slavery Stephen Douglas Northern Democrat Popular sovereignty John Bell Constitutional Union Ignored the issue

24 Abraham Lincoln is elected PRESIDENT
1860 Abraham Lincoln is elected PRESIDENT

25 SOUTHERN STATES SECEDED (left) FROM THE UNION… LED BY SOUTH CAROLINA
Election of 1860 IMMEDIATE RESULT = SOUTHERN STATES SECEDED (left) FROM THE UNION… LED BY SOUTH CAROLINA

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