2. Cultivating Empathy: The Latest Science and Practice October 20, 2012 Dacher Keltner University of California, Berkeley keltner@berkeley.edu Greatergood.berkeley.edu

3. Empathy Empathy: Understanding how another feels or thinks Mimicry: Mirroring another person’s behavior

4. The Frontal Lobes and Executive Control Anatomy Patient work: Orbitofrontal Patients fMRI Work Emotion Regulation Empathy Emotions in Decision Making

8. Our culture needs it

9. Emotional Intelligence (Goleman, Salovey, Brackett) EQ > IQ –Better predictor of success in work life –Powerful predictor healthy relationships –Predictor of adjustment in children

10. Example of flirtation Attention getting phase Recognition phase Exploration phase Keeping time

11. The nonverbal language Illustrators: Actions that dramatize speech

12. The nonverbal language Regulators: Actions that govern communication

13. The nonverbal language Self Adaptors: Nervous, random nonverbal actions

14. The nonverbal language Emblems: Actions that directly translate to words

15. The nonverbal language Facial Expression

16. Darwin’s predictions Encoding: When feeling an emotion, we express the emotion with similar muscle movements in the face (and body) Decoding: We judge expressions in accurate and similar fashion across cultures

17. The Universality of Expression (Ekman, 2004; Elfenbein et al. 2002)

30. Everyday reconciliation, forgiveness Embarrassment as appeasement device (Keltner & Buswell, 1997) –The display resembles mammalian appeasement displays Expose vulnerable region Gaze aversioncut off behavior Awkward smilefear grimace in nonhuman primates Defensive face touch Coughillness –Embarrassment display prompts forgiveness punished less Liked more Forgiven –People with little embarrassment, Break rules: OFC patients, sociopaths

32. Pride (Tracy, Robins, Matsumotion) Universal display Primates show similar postural expansion Shown by blind and victorious olympic athletes –Stronger display by those in West

41. Affiliation CuesSexual Cues Contr. for Sexual CuesContr. for Affiliation Cues __________________________________________________ Oxytocin Reactivity.50**.11 Oxytocin Recovery.15.12 __________________________________________________

43. Emotion conveyed in vocal bursts (Simon-Thomas et al., 2009, Emotion)

45. Functions of Touch Reward Built Trust, Reciprocity Signal Safety Soothe

46. Touch and the spread of goodness

47. Cultivating empathy Training the eye and ear –Ekman: METT, SETT –Brackett: RULER program in schools –Greater Good Science Center

48. Cultivating empathy Empathetic communication (Rosenberg, Gottman) –I statements –The power of the question rather than assertion

49. Other tools The arts Mindfulness training (Kabat-Zinn) If all else fails, oxytocin

50. Be part of the empathy revolution… TEDx June 11, 2011: http://tedxgoldengateed.org/ http://tedxgoldengateed.org/ A compassion curriculum Greatergood.berkeley.edu Emotionmaster.com