1. Cell Structure and Function

2. The “Discovery” of the Cell Robert Hooke – first to see and identify cork “cells.” 7-1

3. The Cell Theory Cell Theory: All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things. New cells are produced from existing cells. Schleiden Schwann Virchow 7-1

4. Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Nucleus – a membrane- enclosed structure that contains the cell’s genetic information, “control center” Prokaryotes – cells that do not contain nuclei. (Bacteria) Eukaryotes – cells that contain nuclei. (All other organisms) 7-1 www.nerdscience.com

5. “Command Center” Organelles Nuclear membrane – surrounds and protects the nucleus Chromosomes – condensed string-like structure that forms from DNA, contains cell information Nucleolus – structure within the nucleus that makes ribosomes. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

6. Inside the Nucleus Nuclear membrane Chromosomes Nucleolus 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

7. The Nucleus

8. Protection & Support Organelles Organelles – structures in a cell that act like “little organs.” Cytoplasm – the gel-like fluid where the organelles “float.” 7-2

9. Protection & Support Organelles Cytoskeleton – helps cell to maintain shape, move, and move organelles. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

10. The Cytoplasm 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

11. Cell Boundaries Cell membrane – thin, flexible membrane that surrounds the cell. Controls what enters/leaves cell, provides support/protection. Cell walls – rigid layer around the membrane found only in bacteria, fungi and plants. 7-3 www.nerdscience.com

12. Cell Membrane 7-3

13. Energy Processing Organelles Chloroplasts – organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy  Photosynthesis –Found only in plants. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

14. Chloroplasts Chloroplast 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

15. Energy Processing Organelles Mitochondria – organelle that converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use. –“Powerhouse of the Cell!” 7-2

16. Mitochondria 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

17. The Mitochondria

18. Manufacturing Organelles Ribosomes – made of RNA and protein. Make Proteins! 7-2

19. Ribosomes Ribosome 7-2

20. Transport Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum – internal membrane system of the cell. –Lipids, proteins, and other products are made here. –Rough ER – has ribosomes –Smooth ER – no ribosomes 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

21. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Rough ER with ribosomes Smooth ER no ribosomes 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

22. Endoplasmic Reticulum

23. Processing Organelles Golgi Body – modifies, sorts, and packages proteins. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

24. Golgi Body 7-2

25. The Golgi Body

26. Storage Organelles Vacuoles – store materials. 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

27. Vacuoles 7-2 www.nerdscience.com

28. Specialized Plant Organelles

29. Recycling Organelles Lysosomes – small organelles filled with enzymes. –Digest molecules to be used by the cell. 7-2

30. Lysosomes

31. Organization in Multicellular Organisms Tissues Organs Organ System Organism Cells 7-4 www.nerdscience.com