1. Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function This is VITAL information!!!!!!!!

2. Cytoplasm Cyto = cell Cyto = cell Plasm = forming substance Plasm = forming substance Jellylike fluid inside the cell, but outside of the nucleus which contains the organelles Jellylike fluid inside the cell, but outside of the nucleus which contains the organelles

3. Nucleus Large dark “blob” in cell Large dark “blob” in cell Control center of the cell Control center of the cell Contains DNA Contains DNA Chromatin – granular material, DNA bound to proteins Chromatin – granular material, DNA bound to proteins Chromosomes – condensed chromatin Chromosomes – condensed chromatin Surrounded by a nuclear envelope Surrounded by a nuclear envelope Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Nucleolus – makes ribosomes

4. Ribosomes Sites where proteins are assembled Sites where proteins are assembled Composed of RNA and protein Composed of RNA and protein Are attached to the ER (rough appearance) or free floating in cytoplasm Are attached to the ER (rough appearance) or free floating in cytoplasm

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Smooth ER – does not have ribosomes attached, make lipids for membranes, some contain enzymes to detoxify drugs (liver cells) Smooth ER – does not have ribosomes attached, make lipids for membranes, some contain enzymes to detoxify drugs (liver cells) Rough ER – has ribsosomes (sand papery) where proteins are made and transported Rough ER – has ribsosomes (sand papery) where proteins are made and transported

7. Golgi Bodies (Apparatus) Series of flattened sac- like structures Series of flattened sac- like structures Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins before shipping them to other parts of the cell, or to the outside of the cell Sorts, modifies, and packages proteins before shipping them to other parts of the cell, or to the outside of the cell Packing and shipping department Packing and shipping department

8. Lysosomes Small organelles filled with digestive enzymes Small organelles filled with digestive enzymes Breakdown of “junk” in the cell that could build up and eventually kill the cell Breakdown of “junk” in the cell that could build up and eventually kill the cell Clean-up crew, janitors of cell, garbage trucks Clean-up crew, janitors of cell, garbage trucks

9. Vacuoles Empty spaces (vacuums) that store water, food, waste, anything really that the cell needs to store Empty spaces (vacuums) that store water, food, waste, anything really that the cell needs to store Warehouse of the cell Warehouse of the cell

10. Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration (Chapter 9) Site of cellular respiration (Chapter 9) Releases energy by breaking down glucose Releases energy by breaking down glucose Powerhouse of the cell Powerhouse of the cell

12. Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells Found only in plant cells Site of photosynthesis (Chapter 8) Site of photosynthesis (Chapter 8)

14. Cytoskeleton Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Network of protein filaments that helps the cell maintain its shape Also involved in movement Also involved in movement Centrioles – filaments located near the nucleus in animal cells involved in cell division Centrioles – filaments located near the nucleus in animal cells involved in cell division

15. Cell Membrane Found in plant and animal cells Found in plant and animal cells Regulates what enters into and out of cells Regulates what enters into and out of cells Lipid bilayer Lipid bilayer Selectively permeable – lets some things in and out Selectively permeable – lets some things in and out

17. Cell Wall Found in plant cells Found in plant cells Provides support and protection Provides support and protection Made up of carbohydrate (cellulose) and proteins Made up of carbohydrate (cellulose) and proteins “crunch” of lettuce or celery “crunch” of lettuce or celery Wood Wood Paper (cellulose) Paper (cellulose)