3. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King” Andrew? OR

5. Voting Requirements in the Early 19c

6. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860

7. Why Increased Democratization? 3 White male suffrage increased 3 Party nominating committees. 3 Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. 3 Spoils system. 3 Rise of Third Parties. 3 Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) 3 Two-party system returned in the 1832 election:  Dem-Reps  Natl. Reps.(1828)  Whigs (1832)  Republicans (1854)  Democrats (1828)

9. Jackson ’ s First Hermitage Residence

10. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

11. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

13. The “ Common Man ’ s ” Presidential Candidate

14. Jackson ’ s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay [KY] John Quincy Adams [MA] John C. Calhoun [SC] William H. Crawford [GA]

16. Results of the 1824 Election A “ Corrupt Bargain? ”

19. Back to Two-Party System Whigs (National Republicans) led by Clay-Adams Faction Democrats led by Jackson-Van Buren Faction

20. Whigs (National Republicans) The party of modernization; Looked forward to the future. Wanted to use federal and state government to promote economic growth, especially transportation and banks. Advocated reforms such as temperance and public schools and prison reform. Were entrepreneurs who favored industry and urban growth and free labor. Favored gradual territorial expansion over time Whig ideology of urbanization, industrialization, federal rights, commercial expansion was favored in the North.

21. Democrats The party of tradition. Opposed banks and corporations as state- legislated economic privilege. Opposed state-legislated reforms and preferred individual freedom of choice. Were Jeffersonian agrarians who favored farms and rural independence and the right to own slaves. Favored rapid territorial expansion over space by purchase or war. Believed in progress through external growth. Democratic ideology of agrarianism, slavery, states rights, territorial expansion was favored in the South.

22. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

23. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

24. 1828 Election Results

25. Jackson becomes first Western president

26. The Center of Population in the Country Moves WEST

27. The New “ Jackson Coalition ” 3 The Planter Elite in the South 3 People on the Frontier 3 State Politicians – spoils system 3 Immigrants in the cities.

28. Jackson ’ s Faith in the “ Common Man ” 3I3I3I3Intense distrust of Eastern “establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. 3H3H3H3His heart & soul was with the “plain folk.” 3B3B3B3Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

30. The Reign of “ King Mob ”

31. Andrew Jackson as President

32. Spoils System

33. The “ Peggy Eaton Affair ”

35. The Webster-Hayne Debate Sen. Daniel Webster [MA] Sen. Robert Hayne [SC] SOVEREIGNTY

36. 18301830 Webster: Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson: Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun: The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

39. 1832 Tariff Conflict 3 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination” 3 1832 --> new tariff 3 South Carolina’s reaction? 3 Jackson’s response? 3 Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

42. Five Civilized Tribes The 5 Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole had largely adopted White ways, even owning black slaves Cherokees were by treaty a sovereign nation within Georgia, with capital at New Echota

47. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

48. Then, Gold was discovered at Dahlonega, first gold rush in US,1828

50. Indian Removal 3 Jackson’s Goal? 3 1830  Indian Removal Act 3 Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831) * “domestic dependent nation” 3 Worcester v. GA (1832) 3 Jackson: John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!

51. Indian Removal

52. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

53. Jackson ’ s Professed “ Love ” for Native Americans

54. Cherokee Nation in Oklahoma Today

55. Indian Reservations Today

58. The National Bank Debate Nicholas Biddle President Jackson

59. Opposition to the 2 nd B.U.S. “Soft” (paper) $ “Hard” (specie) $ 3s3s3s3state bankers felt it restrained their banks from issuing bank notes freely. 3s3s3s3supported rapid economic growth & speculation. 3f3f3f3felt that coin was the only safe currency. 3d3d3d3didn’t like any bank that issued bank notes. 3s3s3s3suspicious of expansion & speculation.

60. The “ Monster ” Is Destroyed! 3 “pet banks”? 3 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2 nd National Bank of the United States. 3 1836  the charter expired. 3 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

61. The Downfall of “ Mother Bank ”

62. An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ? An 1832 Cartoon: “ King Andrew ” ?

63. Jackson ’ s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830  Maysville Road project in KY [state of his political rival, Henry Clay]

64. 1832 Election Results Main Issue?

65. The Specie Circular (1836) 3 “wildcat banks.” 3 buy future federal land only with gold or silver. 3 Jackson’s goal?

66. Results of the Specie Circular $Banknotes lose their value. $Land sales plummeted. $Credit not available. $Businesses began to fail. $Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837! The Panic of 1837!

67. The 1836 Election Results Martin Van Buren “Old Kinderhook” [O. K.]

68. The Panic of 1837 Spreads Quickly!

69. Andrew Jackson in Retirement

70. Photo of Andrew Jackson in 1844 (one year before his death) 1767 - 1845