1. America Chapter 8 sections 1-3

2. Innovations and Investment section 1: pages 272- 279 This is a loom at Slater’s Mill, the first textile mill of its kind in the U.S.

3. Main Idea/Key Definition Industrial Revolution: – –The U.S. economy expanded rapidly in the early 1800’s because of: :

4. Birth of Industry in the U.S. British guarded their industrial secrets, even passing laws preventing workers from leaving the country, but __________________________ _______________________________________ In 1790 he aided in the recreation of British machinery for textile manufacturing ___________________ 1793 – Opened the 1 st water powered textile factory in the U.S. in ______________________

5. Rapid Growth By 1814 there were around 240 textile mills in the United States –Pennsylvania –New York –New England states SLATER MILL, PAWTUCKET R.I.

6. The Contributions of Eli Whitney Interchangeable Parts: – : Cotton Gin: –: Patent: (not Whitney’s idea, but he received a patent for the cotton gin in 1794) –:

7. Effects of the Cotton Gin Price per pound of cotton went up : Exports increased 6,000% from 1790-1815 : Those with $$ bought large pieces of land in Alabama, Miss., etc. to grow cotton : –Pop. Doubled b/t 1790-1820

8. Development of Transportation Transportation was also in the midst of a revolution Stronger, more durable ___________ were built ____________ forever changed the use of rivers __________ building expanded to connect waterways all over the country ___________ provided the most efficient means of transporting raw materials, goods, and people

9. River Travel Rivers were early America’s main transportation routes Goods from the Midwest were shipped down the Miss. River, to the port of New Orleans, then up the Atlantic Coast This was a one way route b/c flatboats could not travel against the current Robert Fulton solved the problem with the introduction of his steamboat ________________________

10. Canals : By 1840 the U.S. had 3,000 miles of canals Eric Canal, 1825, linked the ________________ with the Atlantic Ocean through the port of _____________________

11. Railroads The _________________ was the first major railway in the U.S. Construction began in 1828 By 1840 the U.S. had over ______________ of track, most in the world Continued development in the following decades put most canals out of business

12. The Expanding U.S. Economy Market Revolution: –: Manufacturing: –: Centralized Factory: –: Free Enterprise System: –:

13. The Expanding U.S. Economy Most early U.S. manufacturing was located in ___________ b/c of the fast flowing rivers coming down from the mountains 1 st centralized textile factory was built by _________________________________ in 1813 Between 1820-1840 industry spread across the Northeast and into the Ohio River Valley

14. Changes in Daily Life “Going to work” shifted its meaning _________________ _______________________________________________ Much factory labor was SPECIALIZED: –: As more products were manufactured and more Americans worked outside of the home for cash salaries, more Americans began to shop!

15. The Role of Banks By the 1830’s hundreds of private banks had opened up in the U.S. –: Investment Capital: –: The gov’t did not restrict the banks lending Banks often lent money to people who could not (or did not) pay them back If depositors wanted their money, but the bank didn’t have it, financial panics and depressions ensued

16. Bank Notes Most common form of money in the early U.S. : Banks just printed more of them when they needed money, whether they were backed by specie or not, so their value was unpredictable –Ex. A $100 banknote could be worth anywhere from $50-200 depending on when and where it was cashed in

17. The Northern Section Section 2: pages 280- 284 Workers in an early factory

18. Divisions within America The Northern & Southern parts of America each had a unique ___________________ The Northern section could also be divided into 2 –: New England & the Middle Colonies (NY, NJ, PA) –: The land that is now Ohio, IND, ILL, MICH, WI, MINN

19. Innovation in the Old Northwest The fertile soil in these areas were ideal for growing corn, wheat, and other crops New inventions like __________________________ and the mechanical reaper made planting and harvesting grains less ________________ & more _____________ Specialized businesses developed to handle the processing, transportation, and selling farm products –Slaughterhouses, distilleries, shipping companies, etc. –These industries that were tied to agriculture & livestock ____________________________________

20. The Industrial Northeast In the early 1800’s, more and more people were leaving their rural homes and moving to urban areas to work in factories –Rural: –Urban: Industrialization: –: New industries developed for ALL KINDS of products –:

21. Urbanization: the growth of cities Opportunities for work in farming were limited in the _____________as new practices made the work less labor intensive & the population continued to expand Thousands flocked to the urban centers of the Northeast throughout the 1800’s

22. Urban Life in Industrial America As workers spent more time in factories, the strength and unity of families was strained Tenements: –: Cities couldn’t handle the massive population increase –Limited –Lack of/limited

23. Labor Issues in Early Factories The goal of factory owners was to make as much money as possible, even at the expense of the workers Employees were paid very little Employers didn’t try to provide a healthy environment As workers saw the owners getting rich they wanted a piece of the action for their hard work! –THREE MAIN ISSUES IN EARLY LABOR DISPUTES: : The only weapon the workers had was the STRIKE: –:

24. The Infancy of Organized Labor Labor Union: –: While early unions had more than 300,000 members, they soon failed and died out because _______________ _______________________________________________ Though organized labor failed at first, the early movement showed some workers were willing to stand up to their powerful employers to fight for the conditions of their employment. The groundwork was laid for the Progressive Era

25. The Southern Section Section 3: pages 285- 289 Workers in a cotton field in Mississippi

26. “King Cotton” The economy of the Southern states in the 1800’s was dominated by ________________________ The ever increasing demand for raw cotton from the developing industrial ________________and ___________________ drove southern farmers to plant more &more of it Check out the data on the expansion of cotton production: –1820: 160 million pounds of raw cotton –1830: 320 million + pounds of raw cotton –1850: 1 billion + pounds of raw cotton –1860: cotton accounted for 66% of all U.S. exports

27. The Economy of the South What states make up the South in the early U.S.? –Six of the original 13 colonies: –New states added to the Union by 1850: - Cotton Belt: –: The South remained largely rural because its geography made farming highly profitable –Fertile soil –Plentiful rain –Long growing season

28. Industry in the South Because of the profitability of farming and planting cash crops, the South industrialized slowly Southern farmers : They also relied on the ___________________ in those two places to process their raw cotton Few southerners looked to industry as a career path – instead even professionals had dreams of being a plantation owner

29. Farming in the South About 15,000 families owned plantations: –: Hundreds of thousands of families owned either a few slaves or none, and raised all of their own crops With the invention of the cotton gin many small farmers moved west into new lands to develop for cotton production Many plantation owners bought out their smaller neighbors, acquiring huge tracts of land Other crops in the South:

30. Labor in the South: the Slavery System 1808: Even with this restriction, the slave population grew: –: 1820: ____ million slaves in the south 1850: ____3 million slaves in the south 1860: slaved accounted for more than ______ of the total population of Mississippi and South Carolina; and more than _______ of the total pop. of FLA, GA, ALA, and Louisiana!!