1. Mountains & Deserts in the north & west & Pacific in the east isolated China from outsiders Ethnocentrism-China was the center of the world All foreigners were Barbarians Lacked interest in foreign cultures

2. Founded by Confucius 6 th Century B.C. Texts – Analects/ writings of Confucius Filial Piety Respect for elders 5 relationships Father/son, Ruler/subject, husband/wife, older brother/ younger brother, friend/friend

3. Founded by Lao-tzu 3 rd century BC Tao- “The Way” of the universe Live in Harmony with nature Balance between Ying & Yang Rejected government

4. Highly powerful government is the key to social order Punishment for offenses should be severe

5. Siddartha Gautama 5 th Century BC Eightfold Path, ethical behavior & good deeds (Meditation) Ultimate goal is Nirvana

6. Rise, decline, and replacement of dynasties Mandate of Heaven- Rule by divine right.

7. 210BC-220 AD Legalism/confucianism Centralized government Civil Service Exam

8. 221BC-210BC Legalism/ unified China Shi Huangdi Burned rival books/regulated coinage Unified Great Wall of China

9. 618-907 AD Revived Confucianism Expanded Trade (Silk Road) connected china to the Middle East