1. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Measurement issues in relation to cultural statistics Measuring and Fostering the Progress of Societies Istanbul, Turkey, 27-30 June 2007 Hendrik van der Pol Director

2. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Importance of culture today l Culture and creativity are becoming powerful engines of economic growth. UNCTAD: 7% Global GDP l Ways culture is created, produced and enjoyed have changed : ICTs, Internet, growing role of the private sector and the market l Dual nature of cultural products and activities: economic and socio-cultural dimensions. => New challenges for measuring this area.

3. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS OECD – cultural industries % contribution to GDP l Advertising, architecture, video & film, music & performing arts, publishing, broadcast, art & antiques, design, crafts (OECD 2007) %

4. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS MERCOSUR – Contribution of the value added of selected cultural industries to the GDP in 2003

5. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Recent initiatives on measuring the importance of culture l Regional »Latin America: OAS and Organisation of Ibero- American states, Convenio Andres Bello »Africa: Dakar Plan of action (1992) acknowledges the role of cultural industries for development »Asia: Jodhpur initiative: measuring creative industries tailored to Asian needs. Bhutan pilot »Europe: European Commission 2006 study l National »Some 60 countries – creative sector mappings l City level »Hong Kong creative index, Barcelona, Bahia, Nottingham…

6. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS How to measure the economic contribution of culture? l From culture satellite accounts l Examining copyright industries è WIPO’s framework: Contribution of copyright industries to GDP and Labour force l From household surveys on consumption: spending on recreation and culture l Trade statistics l Employment data

7. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Different approaches for measuring culture Satellite accounts Copyright approach consumption Socio- cultural dimension Economic dimension Trade employment

8. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Problems with measuring cultural statistics l Lack of comparability: è Different definitions è Different categories l Data are scarce and incomplete l Lack of resources and expertise l Too much focus on the economic impact, lack of the socio-economic dimension

9. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Main challenges for UNESCO in culture statistics l Need to integrate new phenomena è role of ICTs and globalisation l Need to better reflect what is “culture” in the developing world l Use existing data sources and standards (international, regional and local) because countries lack resources l Focus on standard setting l Cover economic as well social dimension of culture

10. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS UIS action: Reviewing the 1986 UNESCO Statistical Framework G. TOURISM 1. CORE Charter travel & tourist services Hospitality & accommodation C. VISUAL ARTS, CRAFTS & DESIGN 1. CORE Fine arts, Crafts (handicraft, handmade textile products), Design, Architecture, Advertising A. CULTURAL & NATURAL HERITAGE 1. CORE Museums/built environment Natural environment E. AUDIO- VISUAL & DIGITAL MEDIA 1. CORE Broadcasting (TV & radio) Film & video, Photography, Interactive media D. BOOKS & PRESS 1. CORE Publishing Literature TRADITIONNAL & LOCAL KOWLEDGE (Indigenous knowledge, traditional medicine, environment, ritual arts, culinary arts) B. PERFORMANCE & CELEBRATION 1. CORE Performing arts (theatre, dance, opera, puppetry etc.) Music Festivals, feasts & fairs 2 EXPANDED Software/ interactive media F. SPORT & LEISURE 1. CORE Sports & recreation Physical fitness & well being Visitor attractions Gambling 2 EXPANDED Toys & games

11. UNESCO INSTITUTE for STATISTICS Conclusion l Increasing interest in measuring culture l Several new approaches; »satellite accounts, copyright l But: still many unresolved issues »Definitions and comparability »Socio-cultural dimension »Data sources