1. South African Case Studies People and Events
Action for Justice
South African Case Studies
People and Events

2. Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Chief Albert Luthuli
Africa’s First
Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
1:45- 6:44 – Paragraph 2-4 (Recording: Text:

3. The Basics about Luthuli
Raised in Natal
Trained as a teacher and administrator
Elected as Chief of Groutville
Member of ANC, elected as President of ANC in 1952
Arrested for high treason (1956) – withdrawn/acquitted
ANC = African National Congress (political organization, eventually political party, current ruling party since end of apartheid)

4. The Climate at the Time People largely involved in peaceful resistance
Informed by nonviolent model of civil disobedience (assoc. Mahatma Ghandi)
ANC launched “Defiance Campaign” in 1952 under Luthuli
Over 8,000 people arrested; response of police violence, fines, jail sentences, banning orders
Defiance Campaign – peaceful but deliberate law breaking; aim of arrest

5. Sharpeville Massacre
March 21, 1960

6. Passbooks and Pass Laws
Form of internal passport system
Black populations required to carry
Pass Laws Act (1952) instituted nation-wide pass
Entries documented permission, requests and behavior
Any governmental employee could cancel permission
No valid entry  prison
Symbolic of apartheid

7. Behind Sharpeville
ANC planned peaceful protest against Pass Laws on March 31
PAC pre-empted with March 21 campaign
5,000+ black men presented themselves at Sharpeville Police Station for arrest for not carrying Pass Books

8. Then… Crowd increased Accounts differ
Policemen started shooting into crowd
69 killed, 180+ wounded
Apartheid Museum Source

9. Returning to Luthuli
March 26, Chief Luthuli publicly burned his passbook in protest
Calls for peaceful burning by all Africans
Arrested

10. 1960 Nobel Peace Prize Luthuli awarded 1960 Nobel Peace Prize
1:45- 6:44 – Paragraph 2-4 (Recording: Text:
Luthuli awarded 1960 Nobel Peace Prize
Accepted in 1961

11. Then… Continued banning Continued advocacy work
Killed by a train in 1967
Not the end of the story…

12. Soweto Uprising
Nelson Mandela