1. 2 nd 9 weeks Exam review Life Science 2014

2. 1. Who was the first scientist to observe living cells under the microscope? Leeuwenhoek

3. 2. A compound microscope with a 10x eyepiece and a 20x objective has a magnification of 200X

4. 3. How well structures close together can be distinguished is known as resolution

5. 4. List the 3 tenants of the cell theory. All living things are composed of cells. All cells are produced from other cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.

6. 5. What is the function of a cell wall? To protect, support, and give shape to the cell

7. 6. Which organelle is the control center of a cell? nucleus

8. 7. Small, grain like bodies called ______ produce proteins inside cells. ribosomes

9. 8. List 3 organelles that plant cells have, but animal cells do not. Cell wall Chloroplasts Large central vacuole

10. 9. The DNA, containing all the instructions for a cell’s function, is contained in what organelle? nucleus

11. 10. What is the function of a cell membrane? Controls what goes in and out of the cell

12. 11. In what organelle is the energy from food molecules converted into energy the cell can use? mitochondria

13. 12. A ______________ is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. tissue

14. 13. The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving things is known as ___________________. Spontaneous generation

15. 14. What two scientists helped to demonstrate that living things do not arise from nonliving material? Pasteur and Redi

16. 15. What is the broadest level of classification? domain

17. 16. Why are bacteria and archaea placed in separate kingdoms? Their structure and chemical make-up differs.

18. 17. What 3 characteristics are used to place organisms into kingdoms? Ability to make food Cell type Number of cells in their body

19. 18. Name the 3 domains used in the modern system of classification. Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

20. 19. Which kingdom contains only multicellular heterotrophs? Animals

21. 20. Which kingdoms include both unicellular and multicellular organisms? Fungi and protists

22. 21. An organism whose cells lack a nucleus is called a(n) ____________________. prokaryote

23. 22. The naming system developed by Linnaeus is called ______________. Binomial nomenclature

24. 23. The process of grouping things based on their similarities is called ___________________________. classification

25. 24. A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce is called _______. A species

26. 25. The scientific study of how living things are classified is ________________________. taxonomy

27. 26. An organism’s scientific name consists of its ________________ name and its _________________ name. Genus species

28. 27. The first word in an organism’s scientific name is its __________________________. genus

29. 28. An organism that makes its own food is called a (n) ____________________. autotroph

30. 29. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more ____________ they have in common. characteristics

31. 30. ________________________ keys can be used to help determine the identity of organisms. Taxonomic

32. 31. What contribution of Charles Darwin had a major impact on classification? His theory of evolution

33. 32. What is the reproductive structure of most gymnosperms? Cones

34. 33. What is the reproductive structure of most angiosperms? Flowers

35. 34. List the stages of incomplete metamorphosis. Egg, nymph, adult

36. 35a. Name some animals that reproduce asexually via budding. Bacteria Hydra Sponges Jellyfish Sea anenomes Worms Starfish (Ribosomes produce proteins)

37. 35b. Ribosomes produce _______. proteins

38. 36. What type of reproduction requires a mate? Sexual

39. 37. What is an advantage of sexual reproduction? the offspring have more genetic variation

40. 38. The joining of an egg cell and a sperm cell is called ____________________. fertilization

41. 39. Fertilization that takes place inside the female organism’s body is called ___________________ fertilization. internal

42. 40. A body form that looks like an open umbrella is the __________________. medusa

43. 41. An immature form of an animal that looks very different from the adult is the ______________________. larva

44. 42. A body form that looks like an upright vase is the ______________________. polyp

45. 43. The process whereby a tadpole changes into a frog is called ______________________. Complete metamorphosis

46. 44. Name 3 organisms that lay amniotic eggs. Vertebrates that live on land (birds and reptiles)

47. 45. Where does a placental mammal develop before its body systems can function independently? Inside its mother’s body

48. 46. The period between fertilization and birth is a mammal’s ______________ period. gestation

49. 47. An offspring that is genetically identical to its parent is the result of __________________ reproduction. asexual

50. 48. Name the two stages of a plant’s life cycle. Sporophyte Gametophyte

51. 49. The stage of a plant’s life cycle that produces egg and sperm cells is called the _________________ generation. gametophyte

52. 50. The part of a woody stem that forms rings that indicate the tree’s age is the ____________________. xylem

53. 51. What part of a woody stem produces new vascular tissue? cambium

54. 52. Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the _______________. Stomata (singular stoma)

55. 53. What part of a plant transports water and nutrients from the root to the plant’s stem and leaves? xylem

56. 54. Tiny extensions on the root of a plant that help a plant absorb water and nutrients are called ______________. Root hairs

57. 55. Name 3 functions of roots. Anchor the plant Absorb minerals and water Store food (sometimes)

58. 56. What happens to transpiration when a plant’s stomata are closed? Slows down

59. 57. _______________fertilization is common for organisms that live in water. External

60. 58. Why must ferns live in a moist environment? So that egg and sperm can join

61. 59. In order for seed germination to occur, the seed must absorb _____________. water

62. 60. The process by which water evaporates from a plant’s leaves is known as ________________. transpiration

63. 61. The part of a leaf that reduces evaporation is the _______________. cuticle

64. 62. Draw a flower (p. 203) and label the sepals, petals, stigma, style, ovary, anther, and filament.

65. 63. Label a cross section of a leaf (cuticle, chloroplasts, epithelial cells, xylem (purple), phloem (yellow), stoma, palisade cells, and vein.