1. Spread of Liberal Government Chapter 23

2. Great Britain  Backlash against idea of reform after Napoleon  Fear of social unrest  Conservatism

3. Peterloo Massacre (1819)  60,000 people gather at St. Peter’s Meadow in Manchester  Demands include: -universal male suffrage -annual parliament  Soldiers fired on crowd, killing 11  Parliament passed: the Six Acts- banning public demonstrations and imposing censorship

4. Movement toward Reform  Combination Acts Repealed (1824) -Legalized unions  Great Reform Bill (1832) -Increased males suffrage (1 in 5 can vote) -Proportional Representation in Parliament  Slavery outlawed in colonies (1833)  Factory Act (1833) -Lowered # of hours kids could work - Created government inspectors to check working conditions  Poor Law (1834) – created working houses for the urban poor

5. Chartism (1839-1848)  Movement to great a people’s democracy  People’s Charter pg 838  Signed by thousands of petitioners  Called for:  Universal male suffrage, written ballot, end of property qualification to serve in parliament, proportional representation and annual elections  All reforms (except annual elections) enacted by 1848

6. Corn Laws  Anti-Corn Law League –resented tariffs on grain that resulted in high cost of bread  Benefited landowners, hurt workers  Used popular political techniques: Parades and rallies, songs and speeches, pamphlets and cartoons  1845 Corn Laws were repealed

7. Uprisings in Europe France  Bourbons restored to the throne Louis XVIII  Charter of 1814 – Constitution “Gift of the King to the people” -Freedom of religion - No popular sovereignty - Church land restored - Only king could introduce legislation

8. Political Restoration & Reform  Charles X  Law of Sacrilege (1829) - death penalty for any attack on the Church  July Ordinances (1830) - dissolved assembly, took right to vote away from bourgeoisie, imposed strict censorship  Conservatism

9. Political Restoration & Reform  July Revolution (1830) several hundred died in 3 days of fighting in Paris  Charles X abdicated throne

10. Political Restoration & Reform  July Monarchy -Louis Phillipe crowned “citizen king”  Center for stability and patriotism  Returned Napoleon’s body to France  Limited Liberalism  Public education, limited social services, industrialization

11. Uprisings in Europe (1830)  Additional Liberal Revolutions occurred in:  Belgium  Switzerland  Spain