1. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 1 Faculty Environmental Network Bringing Systems Concepts to Environmental Education David Marks, CEE and ESD, MIT Portugal Program, MIT Cyprus Program, MIT Masdar Program AGS

2. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 2 How Do We Teach About Context? How to educate about the life cycle and systems aspects of Environment and Energy? »Methods »Case Studies »Understanding Beyond the Boundries An example with PreFrosh two weeks ago: The design of wind turbines.

3. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 3 Questions Raised to the Students What is the Potential for Wind as a replacement for Fossil? Where is it Windy? When? How does this match with demands? What happens when the wind stops blowing or blows too much? How is Wind Scaled up? What infrastructure is needed for capture and storage? T Boone Pickens What about Nimby? Banana? What Kind of Energy does it replace?

4. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 4 Sustainable Energy Systems Overview and Status Research and Education Islands & Cities Students and Curriculum

5. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 5 An Evolving Research Portfolio A Matrix of Research Areas/Projects Plus Energy Boxes, Smart Grids, Urban Metabolism, Misc. Technologies, Policies, Markets & Behavior Designed to Develop New Methodologies, Data, Lessons and Insights Leading to Robust, Implementable Sustainable Energy Strategies (both technological & policy)

6. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 6 Wind in Space and Time Source: Mass Renewable Energy Trust TrueWind Solutions Electricity Demand Generation from Wind

7. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 7 Where is it Windy? Trees and Hills, Matter!!!

8. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 8 Electricity in Space and Time Where is end-use efficiency most beneficial? Same question for… » Wind energy » Solar » Hydropower » Biomass » Ocean/Wave » Storage (incl. H 2 ) » Everything… Mainland Portugal Electricity Demand (REN Data)

9. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 9 Higher Resolution / Better Design Mainland Portugal Electricity Demand 2007 (REN) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec (MW = MWh) Hourly Electric Demand

10. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 10 Higher Resolution / Better Design Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec (MW = MWh) Mainland Portugal Electricity Demand 2007 (REN)

11. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 11 Why a “Green Island?” “Islands” represent excellent case studies with which to organize and demonstrate new methodologies for the sustainable and economic transformation of infrastructures, including new challenges such as climate change adaptation and energy security. Why a “Green Azores?” The Government of the Azores, its Energy Companies and their partners, as well as the people of the Azores, are acutely aware of these challenges. They have been moving forward on all of these topics, and see the MIT-Portugal Program as an opportunity to look longer-term at potential options that can transform the islands’ energy infrastructure.

12. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 12 Example: São Miguel and Flores São Miguel and Flores Two very different islands: population, economy, energy demand, current power system, renewable resources Long-Term Transform- action of ALL Energy Supplies and Demands

13. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 13 Design Scenario Options Energy Services »Household energy efficiency options/supply curves »Similar service sector efficiency options »Energy pricing and consumer response »Sustainable building design (new, retrofit) »Design for Açores economic transformation »Public, private, & freight transportation demand trends and options »Many, many, more Economic and social trends and their influence of strategy performance & design Energy Supplies » Assessing coupled renewable resource dynamics (natural variability, climate forcing/ adaptation) » Power grid expansion and design, constraints and storage opportunities including V2G and others »Agriculture, wastes for sustainable biofuels and broader options. »Many, many, more Data challenges to characterize options sufficiently Research infrastructure, now and for the long-term

14. Sustainable Energy Systems Focus Area26 Aug. 2008 – pg. 14 Partnering for Green Islands A Diverse Project Looking for Partners Understanding the Islands’ Energy Needs and Supplies Understanding energy in space and time Developing a full understanding of local resources Developing New Ideas for Future Islands’ Economic and Energy Needs and Options Future electricity supplies, inlcuding energy storage Exploring new transportation options, including electricity Looking at ways to reduce energy use, including innovations in buildings and construction Partnering to Realize this New Energy Economy for the Azores Develop new innovative demonstration and pilot projects that put these plans into practice