1. WXT as a disdrometer? Heikki Pohjola 1) and Leila Konkola 2) 1)Vaisala Oyj 2)University of Helsinki

2. Disdrometers are expensive and thus rare Global distribution of DSD is badly known Climatological research and radar measurements could benefit of reasonably priced disdrometers For example NASA´s Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program: Satellite will be launched 2013 ? Understanding of clouds and rainfall processes Make frequent rainfall measurements on a global basis. FMI involved in ground validation with HelsinkiTestbed and radar network The opportunity

3. Radar applications Set one or more WXTs to blocked sectors of radar –combine dBZ values for each image Gapfilling between radars Attenuation correction –between the radar and the target, some microwave power is lost. (Barnes, S.L., 1964: A technique for maximising details in numerical weather map analysis. Jour_. AppI_Meteor., _3,396-409)

4. Radar´s measurement volume, ~ km 3 ~0,5 km ~0,5...1 km

5. ~0,5 km ~0,5...1 km Raingauge e.g WXT, diameter ~ 10 cm!! Radar´s measurement volume, ~ km 3

6. ~0,5 km ~0,5...1 km Raingauge, diameter ~ 10 cm! Radar´s measurement volume, ~ km 3

7. Z from WXT measurement Raincap sensor of WXT works as a disdrometer, and measures N and D in time unit. Thus, we can calculate reflectivity on ground Z g =  N i D i 6 and avoid all fuzzy Z/R conversions

8. Data Drop size distribution data from WXT, disdrometer (RD- 69) and POSS from Järvenpää, Sorto WXT_Z: 21.8. -> RD-69: 1.8. -> POSS: All Testbed campaings DateTimeD1.00D1.25D1.60D2.00D2.50D3.20D4.00D5.00 2006-09-0323:15:0010.957.623.29.43.1011.3 2006-09-0323:20:002144273.62.9002.3 2006-09-0323:25:0024.944.627.61310.700 2006-09-0323:30:0016.341.518.12.71.1000 2006-09-0323:35:004.915.97.76.81.7000 2006-09-0323:40:0015.749.16320.74.60.700 2006-09-0323:45:0025.457.734.711.51.8000 2006-09-0323:50:003.66100000 DSD data from WXT_Z

9. Comparisons between disdrometer, WXT (and POSS) DSD data. If promising, first comparisons with radar reflectivity data. Challenges: WXT data 5 min intervals, accuracy 5 % RD-69 data 1 min intervals, accuracy 1,4 %!!!! Different drop diameter classes What next?

10. back up slides

11. Defaults for WXT510 Disdrometer test units DSD test units transmit automatically in every minute one message (so called auto composite message) which includes wind, PTU and disdrometer parameters in one string. Disdrometer counters are automatically reset after any output including disdrometer parameters. Example: 0R0,Dm=270D,Sm=0.9M,Ta=22.4C,Ua=35.8P,Pa=1009.7H,1.00=10.41n,1.25=11.01 n,1.60=6.45n,2.00=3.44n,2.50=2.98n,3.20=2.46n,4.00=0.51n,5.00=0.00n