1. Chapter 8 The Ocean and the Atmosphere

2. Weather & Climate

3. Meteorology  1400’s  Rain gauge  Anemometer  Humidity  1600’s  Barometer  Atmospheric circulation cells  Edmund Halley  George Hadley  William Ferrell

4. Weather Prediction & Chaos Theory

5. Air-Sea Interface  Vapor Pressure  Evaporation  Condensation

6. Clouds

7. Dimethyl Sulfides (DMS)  Self-supporting thermal control system

8. The Atmosphere

9. Wind Stress & Turbulence

10. Sea Ice  Forms at polar latitudes  Salt molecules excluded from ice latticework

11. Sea Ice  Floes  Ridges & hummocks  Fast ice

12. Sea Ice  Arctic  Semi-enclosed  2-3 m  3% decrease per decade  Antarctic  Open  1-2 m

13. Ice-Albedo Positive Feedback Loop  How melting ice causes more ice to melt!

14. Effects of Rotation  Coriolis Effect

15. Coriolis Effect  Coriolis effect is the apparent deflection of moving objects to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere  The deflection is caused by the differential speed of rotation between Earth’s equator and polar regions, relative to an object moving across the Earth’s surface.  Centrifugal force