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What is pH?. pH is the measurement used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic… Chemicals may be classed as acids or bases. Things that are.

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Presentation on theme: "What is pH?. pH is the measurement used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic… Chemicals may be classed as acids or bases. Things that are."— Presentation transcript:

1 What is pH?

2 pH is the measurement used to determine whether a substance is acidic or basic… Chemicals may be classed as acids or bases. Things that are neither acids nor bases are neutral. When have you seen pH measurements being used?

3 Acids Often taste sour Strong acids can burn skin & eyes Strong acids can dissolve metals Examples: Lemon juice Vinegar Car battery acid (dangerous!)

4 Bases Can taste bitter, sweetish, or salty Strong bases can burn skin & eyes Bases react more easily with protein than with metal; they are often used for cleaning Examples: Milk Baking soda Soap Drain cleaner (dangerous!)

5 What substance is neutral? WATER!

6 A special name is given to the acid or base characteristic that a substance has: It is called: pH “ p ” stands for potential and “ H ” stands for hydrogen; hence, the potential of a substance to attract hydrogen ions

7 pH scale 0

8 pH scale ranges from 0 -14 pH 7 is neutral; neither acid nor base Pure water is pH 7 Low pH (0-6.9) = acid High pH (7.1-14) = base The closer to the ends of the scale, the stronger the solution is

9

10 Importance of pH

11 How is pH measured? How much H+ versus OH- is present within a solution H+ (hydrogen ion) OH- (hydroxide ion) Ions form because of dissociation

12 How is pH measured?

13

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15 Understanding pH measurements Each pH unit is 10 times as large as the previous one Each pH unit is 10 times as large as the previous one A change of 2 pH units means 100 times more basic or acidic A change of 2 pH units means 100 times more basic or acidic x10x100

16 pH indicators pH indicator is a halochromic chemical compound that is added in small amounts to a solution so pH can be determined visually. Chemical detector for H+ Color of solution changes depending on pH Litmus paper Digital pH indicators Natural indicator Hydrangeas (blue in more acidic soil; pink/red in alkaline soil)

17 Buffers Homework: What is a buffer? How does it relate to pH? Read this tutorial from Carnegie Mellon University http://chemcollective.org/activities/tutorials/buffers/ buffers3

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