1. Why it matters to South Africa Open education

2. Open scholarship Open access Open licensing Open education practices Open education resources Open source Open data Open research Open science Open web Open knowledge http://www.flickr.com/photos/opensourceway/5535034664/sizes/o/in/photostream/

3. http://www.flickr.com/photos/jannemei/1023015396/sizes/o/in/photostream/

5. OPEN CONTENT Published open license or public domain Free for the user

6. Books Study guides Journal articles Course readings Notes Images Animations Recorded lectures/classes Podcasts Reading lists Textbooks Blogs Reviews Reports Conference presentations

7. “The labours of knowledge must have public benefit.” St Hildegard, Seer 1098-1179 An old tradition

9. ENABLERS OF OPENNESS

11. Steve Song April 2012

13. The network society

14. Networks constitute the new social morphology of our societies, and the diffusion of networking logic substantially modifies the operations and outcomes in processes of production, experience of power and culture Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society.

15. Enabling legal frameworks

16. BENEFITS OF OPENNESS

17. http://www.flickr.com/photos/pixthepixie/188345043/sizes/z/in/photostream/ Openness is like sunshine

18. http://www.flickr.com/photos/planetina/405489316/sizes/o/in/photostream/ Thanks to Amber Thomas Openness exposes content online and enables growth

19. ACCESS TO KNOWLEDGE For everyone Scholars Students Policy makers Civil society

20. But scholarly resources are locked away in expensive journals

23. Alternative: open content 2000+ 30% of journals

24. OPENNESS ENABLES DEVELOPMENT doctors farmers civil society the public government itself

25. Obama 2009 “….too many doctors and patients are making decisions without the benefit of the latest research.”

26. A case: the sleeping sickness test Njiru ZK, Mikosza ASJ, Armstrong T, Enyaru JC, Ndung'u JM, et al. (2008) Loop- Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) Method for Rapid Detection of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2(2): e147. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000147

27. OPENNESS ENABLES PARTICIPATION

28. African universities are essentially consumers of knowledge produced in developed countries. Minister of Higher Education, Blade Nzimande UNESCO Conference on Higher Education, 2009

29. the opposite of open is “broken” Books published

30. In the past, social networks were more limited in different spheres. Networks were more exclusive. The Internet changed the nature of networks by making them more inclusive and easy to participate in. Castells, M. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society.

31. Conventional north – south relationships

32. …can be replaced with networked relationships

34. OPENNESS ENABLES INNOVATION

35. Open access benefits the private sector Houghton, J; Swan, A & Brown, S (2011)

36. OPENNESS INCREASES VISIBILITY

38. http://www.flickr.com/photos/cindy_mc/6967806783/http://www.flickr.com/photos/cindy_mc/6967806783/ Thanks to Sam Gross My question is “Am I making an impact?”

39. http://www.flickr.com/photos/87913776@N00/5129607997 CC-BY Open access increases citations by 45% - 600%

41. A RISING TIDE elsewhere A rising tide globally CC Brian Colson http://www.flickr.com/photos/bpc009/3456099658/

42. United Kingdom We will make publicly funded academic research free of charge to readers.... Science Minister Willits 2 May 2012

43. European Union

44. WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE?

45. Be open scholars & educators Stacey Stent

46. Re-distribute Re-mix Re-use Create open resources http://www.flickr.com/photos/recyclethis/185807557/in/photostream

52. LEGISLATE Open content with public funds

54. Markus Possel The more we all have direct access to information and knowledge, the better our lives will be…. ….Information and knowledge are valuable and are not generally online for free….. … the DST is championing the open access route in South Africa Naledi Pandor, Minister of Science and Technology, March 2012

56. LAURACZERNIEWICZ.UCT.AC.ZA @czernie