1. Chapter 28 Section1 China R9
Cause and Effect
Qing Dynasty 1644 to 1912
Opium War Treaty of Nanking
Taiping Rebellion (Civil War)
Spheres of Influence
The Open Door Policy
Sino-Japanese War 1894
Boxer Rebellion
The Nationalist Party (Sun Yat-sen)
Chinese Republic (1912)

2. Create a How-To and How-Not-To manual for Imperialism and dealing with the West. Be sure to point mistakes or good decisions made by China and Japan when dealing with the west. Be sure to include pictures to accompany each point of advice. You must include at least 10 points of either How-To or How-Not-To.

4. The Fall of the Qing Dynasty
China’s political, economic, and military position weakened under the Qing Dynasty.

5. China Resists Outside Influence
SECTION 1
China Resists Outside Influence
China and the West
Rejecting Western Goods
• In 1793, China rejects gifts brought by British
ambassador
• China is strong politically because it is largely self-
sufficient
- agriculture, mining, manufacturing sectors highly
productive
The Tea-Opium Connection
• Guangzhou, southern port, is only port open to
foreign trade
• China earns more from its exports than it spends on imports
• British smuggle opium (late 1700s); many Chinese become addicted
Continued . . .
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6. • In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by opium trade
SECTION 1
continued China and the West
War Breaks Out
• In 1839, Opium War erupts—fight caused by
opium trade
• China loses the war to more modern British navy
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842) gives British control of
Hong Kong
• In 1844, other nations win extraterritorial rights
• Rights mean foreigners exempt from laws at
Guangzhou, other ports
Image
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7. Growing Internal Problems
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Growing Internal Problems
Population Problems
• China’s population booms from 1790 to 1850
• Crop yields do not grow as fast, producing
widespread hunger, unrest
The Taiping Rebellion
• In late 1830s, Hong Xiuquan recruits followers to
build new China
• Taiping Rebellion—name given Hong’s movement;
taiping—“great peace”
• In 1850s, Hong’s army grows large, captures large
areas in southeast
• By 1864, rebellion defeated by internal fighting,
outside attack
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8. Taiping Rebellion
Civil War that broke out because of “unequal treaties”. Eventually it was crushed by British led forces.
Eroded the Qing Dynasty’s control of China.

9. Foreign Influence Grows
SECTION 1
Foreign Influence Grows
Resistance to Change
• Dowager Empress Cixi rules China most years from
1862 to 1908
• Supports reforms aimed at education, government,
military
• Otherwise prefers traditional ways
Other Nations Step In
• China suffers attacks from other nations; forced to
grant more rights
• Europeans, Japan gain spheres of influence—
areas of economic control
• U.S. declares Open Door Policy (1899)
- Chinese trade open to all nations
Map
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10. Sino-Japanese War 1894 China’s defeat led to more lost territory.
From China, Japan gained the island of Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula as well as trading benefits in Chinese territory. The Japanese also ended China’s influence in Korea.

11. An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
SECTION 1
An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
Growing Dissension
• Many Chinese resent growing power of outsiders,
press for change
• In 1898, Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Cixi,
restored, ends them
The Boxer Rebellion
• Anti-government, anti-European peasants form
secret organization
• In 1900, they launch Boxer Rebellion—their
campaign for reforms
• Rebels take Beijing, but foreign army defeats them,
ending rebellion
• Though rebellion fails, Chinese nationalism surges
Image
Continued . . .
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12. Boxer Rebellion
The Righteous and Harmonious Fists, practiced a Chinese form of Boxing. In 1900 the Boxers carried out attacks against foreigners and Chinese Christians in the city Beijing (Peking). Western powers and Japan sent a multinational force that ended the uprising. Empress Ci Xi who had supported the Boxers, reversed her policy.

13. The Beginnings of Reform
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continued An Upsurge in Chinese Nationalism
The Beginnings of Reform
• Cixi and other conservatives recognize necessity
of reform
• In 1905, she sends officials abroad to study other
governments
• In 1906, Cixi begins making reforms but they
move slowly
• Unrest continues for four more decades
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14. The Nationalist Party
Many Chinese believed that a modern republic should replace the Qing Dynasty. Sun Yat-sen will form the United League (Nationalist Party) in 1905.
Their goal was to modernize China on the basis of the “Three Principles of the People”: nationalism (freedom from foreign control), democracy (representative government), and livelihood (economic well-being for all Chinese)

15. Chinese Republic 1912 1911 revolution started.
January 1912, Sun Yat-sen will become the 1st President of the new Chinese Republic.