1. Chapter 4
Tissues and Membranes

2. Tissues Tissues are groups of cells Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue

3. Epithelial Tissue Covering and Lining
Squamous epithelial cells
Cuboidal epithelial cells
Columnar epithelial cells

4. Epithelial Tissue Glandular and Secretory
Endocrine gland cells
Exocrine gland cells

5. Animation – Exocrine and Endocrine Glands
Click Here to play Exocrine and Endocrine animation

6. Connective Tissue Adipose
Stores lipid
Acts as filler tissue
Cushions, supports, and insulates the body

7. Connective Tissue Areolar (Loose)
Elastin tissue
Collagen

8. Connective Tissue Dense Fibrous
Ligaments
Tendons
Aponeuroses
Fasciae

9. Connective Tissue Supportive
Osseous (bone) tissue
Cartilage
Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic cartilage

10. Connective Tissue Vascular (liquid blood tissue)
Lymph

11. Muscle Tissue Cardiac Skeletal (striated voluntary)
Smooth (nonstriated involuntary)

12. Nervous Tissue
Irritability
Conductivity

13. Effects of Aging on Tissue
Cells become larger and less able to divide and reproduce
Increase in pigments and lipids inside cell
Waste products accumulate in the tissue
Cell membranes change and carbon dioxide and wastes have difficulty getting out

14. Effects of Aging on Tissue
Lipofusion collects
Connective tissue becomes progressively stiff
Increased difficulty receiving oxygen and nutrients
Many tissues lose mass and atrophy

15. Membranes Two thin layers of tissue together form a membrane
Epithelial membranes
Connective membranes

16. Epithelial Membranes Mucous membranes Respiratory mucosa
Gastric mucosa
Intestinal mucosa

17. Epithelial Membranes Serous membranes (parietal and visceral)
Pleural membrane
Pericardial membrane
Peritoneal membrane
Cutaneous membranes

18. Connective Membranes Synovial membrane Lines joint cavities
Two layers of connective tissue
Lines joint cavities
Secrete synovial fluid which prevents friction inside the joint cavity

19. Organs
An organ is tissues grouped together to form a specific function
Organs coordinate their activities to form a complete functional organism
Organ system
Group of organs that act together to perform a specific, related function

20. Organ Systems
Skeletal
Muscular
Digestive
Respiratory
Circulatory

21. Organ Systems
Excretory
Nervous
Endocrine
Reproductive
Integumentary

22. Tissue and Organ Transplant
Blood transfusions are an example of a tissue transplant
All transplants (tissue and organs) must be cross-matched so recipient’s immune system won’t attack the donated organ
Rejection is main problem in organ transplants

23. Disease and Injury to Tissue
Infection
Inflammation
Trauma
Abnormal growth of cells
Birth defects

24. Tissue Repair
Primary repair
Secondary repair