1. My Life’s a Circle

2. Matter Cycles n the movement of INORGANIC materials from the atmosphere or soil into living ORGANISMS and back again.

3. WATER CYCLE WATER IN ATMOSPHERE PRECIPITATION EVAPORATION WATER /ICE

4. WATER CYCLE n EVAPORATION - liquid to gas n PRECIPITATION - gas to liquid n Organisms return water to the atmosphere through TRANSPIRATION, PERSPIRATION, and EXCRETION

5. Carbon/Oxygen Cycle CARBON DIOXIDE PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESPIRATION OXYGEN

6. Carbon/Oxygen Cycle n Photosynthesis – plants use CARBON DIOXIDE and release OXYGEN n Respiration – plants and animals use OXYGEN and release CARBON DIOXIDE

7. Carbon/Oxygen Cycle n Burning of FOSSIL FUELS increases the amount of CARBON DIOXIDE in the atmosphere. n This may be increasing the temperature. n (GREENHOUSE effect)

8. Nitrogen Cycle NITROGEN GAS NITROGEN FIXATION DENITRIFICATION NITRATES ANIMALS PLANTS

9. Nitrogen Cycle n Nitrogen is necessary to make AMINO ACIDS n Nitrogen FIXATION is done by plants containing rhizobium bacteria. n DENITRIFICATION is the returning of nitrogen into the atmosphere

10. Population n A group of individuals of the same SPECIES that live in the same AREA at the same TIME.

11. Population growth rate n CHANGE IN THE # OF INDIVIDUALS TIME

12. Biotic Potential n The rate at which a POPULATION will grow if all individuals SURVIVE and REPRODUCE at maximum capacity.

13. Growth Curve n Lag Phase – little or no increase in a population n Exponential Phase – population DOUBLES in a specific time interval and keeps DOUBLING in increasingly shorter periods of time.

14. Exponential Phase Time Lag Phase

15. Carrying Capacity n The MAXIMUM number of individuals that the ecosystem is capable of SUPPORTING.

16. Carrying Capacity Lag Phase Exponential Phase Time

17. Limits to Growth n Density-dependent factors n Density-independent factors

18. Density-dependent factors n As the DENSITY changes, these factors change n Space n Food n Predators

19. Density-independent factors n Factors that affect population that have nothing to do with DENSITY n Climate changes n Natural disaster

20. Oh Deer!

21. Succession n The gradual, SEQUENTIAL replacement of POPULATIONS in an area

22. Pioneer Species n The first SPECIES to colonize an area

23. Seral Community n Intermediate COMMUNITIES

24. Climax Community n A community that will remain STABLE as long as it is left undisturbed

26. Primary succession n The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations of an area that has not previously supported LIFE n Example: Sand dunes, volcanic rock, glaciers removing soil, pavement

27. Secondary succession n The sequential REPLACEMENT of populations in DISRUPTED habitats that have not been totally stripped of soil and vegetation. n Example: FOREST FIRE, LOGGING, FARMING, MINING n Old field succession – Replacement of populations in abandoned farm fields

28. Succession in lakes n The transformation of CRYSTAL CLEAR BODIES OF WATER to dry LAND

29. Eutrophication n An increase in the amount of NUTRIENTS in an environment

30. Oligotrophic n A lake that is so low in NUTRIENTS that few organisms can LIVE in it.

31. Eutrophic n A lake with many NUTRIENTS in it.