2. 1914-1918: The World at War

3. Differing Viewpoints  “Family Feud”  “The War to End All Wars”  “The War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’”

4. Causes of the War

5. 1. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:

6. Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:

7. The Major Players: 1914-17 Nicholas II [Rus] George V [Br] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Allied Powers: Franz Josef [A-H] Wilhelm II [Ger] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Central Powers: Enver Pasha [Turkey]

8. Europe in 1914

9. 2. Militarism & Arms Race 187018801890190019101914 94130154268289398 Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s. 1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures France10% Britain13% Russia39% Germany73%

10. 3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

11. 4. Aggressive Nationalism

12. Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe “The Black Hand” pro- Serbian nationalists The “Powder Keg” of Europe “The Black Hand” pro- Serbian nationalists

13. The “ Spark ”

14. Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

15. The Assassination: Sarajevo

16. The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip Gavrilo Princip

17. Who’s To Blame? German encirclement theory? Ignorance of modern warfare? M.A.I.N. Who’s To Blame? German encirclement theory? Ignorance of modern warfare? M.A.I.N.

18. What was that about?  By 1900’s, Ottoman Empire in decline  Nations had formed from Ottoman territory  Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia (Slavic group)  Serbia wanted to extend boundaries into A-H territory (Pan-Slavism…if Slavs there…it’s ok to take)  1908 A-H took Bosnia-Herzegovina (lots of Slavic people there)  Serbia really upset.  Black Hand wanted to rid Bosnia of all A-H power

19. Who started it?  Should have been between Serbia and Austria-Hungary  Instead…Russia backed Serbia and Germany backed A-H  A-H declares war on Serbia  Russia mobilizes troops near German and Austrian border  Germany declares war on Russia AND France  British are sucked in for the ride.

20. The Schlieffen Plan Attack France through neutral Belgium The Schlieffen Plan Attack France through neutral Belgium

21. German Atrocities in Belgium

22. Mobilization It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there! But my heart's right there! It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!  Home by Christmas!  No major war in 50 years!  Nationalism! HHHHome by Christmas! NNNNo major war in 50 years! NNNNationalism!

23. Recruitment Posters

24. A Young Australian Recruit

25. Recruits of the Central Powers Austro- Hungarians A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Mother

26. New French Recruits

27. A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

29. Women and the War Effort

30. Financing the War

31. For Recruitment

32. Munitions Workers

33. French Women Factory Workers

34. German Women Factory Workers

35. Working in the Fields

36. A Woman Ambulance Driver

37. Red Cross Nurses

38. Women in the Army Auxiliary

39. Russian Women Soldiers

40. Spies e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy! e “Mata Hari” e Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle e German Spy!

41. Posters: Wartime Propaganda

42. Australian Poster

43. American Poster

44. Financing the War

45. German Poster Think of Your Children!

46. The Western Front: A “ War of Attrition ”

47. A Multi-Front War

48. The Western Front

49. Trench Warfare

50. “No Man’s Land”

51. Verdun – February, 1916 e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties. e German offensive. e Each side had 500,000 casualties.

52. The Somme – July, 1916 e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months. e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day. e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

53. War Is HELL !!

54. Sacrifices in War

55. Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

56. The Eastern Front

57. The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

58. Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

59. T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”, 1916-18

60. T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-19

61. The Tsar with General Brusilov

62. The “ Colonial ” Fronts

63. Sikh British Soldiers in India

64. Fighting in Africa British Sikh Mountain Gunners Black Soldiers in the German Schutztruppen [German E. Africa]

65. Fighting in Africa 3 rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

66. Fighting in Salonika, Greece French colonial marine infantry from Cochin, China - 1916

67. America Joins the Allies

68. The Sinking of the Lusitania 1915 Passengers, munitions for GB The Sinking of the Lusitania 1915 Passengers, munitions for GB

69. The Zimmerman Telegram 1917

70. The Yanks Are Coming! 1917 The Yanks Are Coming! 1917

71. Americans in the Trenches

72. The War of the Industrial Revolution: New Technology

73. French Renault Tank

74. British Tank at Ypres

75. U-Boats

76. Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

77. The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

78. The Flying Aces of World War I Eddie Rickenbacher, US Francesco Barraco, It. Rene Pauk Fonck, Fr. Manfred von Richtoffen, Ger. [The “Red Baron”] Willy Coppens de Holthust, Belg. Eddie “Mick” Mannoch, Br.

79. Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

80. Looking for the “Red Baron?”

81. The Zeppelin

82. Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

83. Poison Gas Machine Gun

84. “ Art ” of World War I

85. “A Street in Arras” John Singer Sargent, 1918

86. “Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

87. “Those Who Have Lost Their Names” Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

88. “Gassed and Wounded” Eric Kennington, 1918

89. “Paths of Glory” C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

90. German Cartoon: “Fit for active service!”, 1918

91. 1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died 50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

92. 1919 Flu Pandemic

95. Influenza 1918-1919  Kansas index case to American cities  2 months later on the front in Europe  2 months later in the civilian population in Europe  To Asia, Africa, back to Europe and N. America  20 million dead

96. 11 a.m., November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

97. 9,000,000 Dead 9,000,000 Dead

98. The Somme American Cemetary, France 116,516 Americans Died

99. World War I Casualties

100. Treaty of Versailles 1919  Peace treaty that simply sets the stage for World War 2  More details to come…

101. Weimar Republic 1919-1933  Germany tried a democracy  Forced on them  Given no assistance  No experience or history of democracy  Seriously flawed constitution…