1. Plate Tectonics Liz LaRosa for use with my 5 th Grade Science Class http://www.middleschoolscience.com 2009 http://www.middleschoolscience.com

2. Earth’s Layers The Earth's rocky outer crust solidified billions of years ago, soon after the Earth formed. This crust is not a solid shell; it is broken up into huge, thick plates that drift atop the soft, underlying mantle.

3. The Crust Outermost layer 5 – 100 km thick Made of Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum

4. The Mantle Layer of Earth between the crust and the core Contains most of the Earth’s mass Has more magnesium and less aluminum and silicon than the crust Is denser than the crust

5. The Core Below the mantle and to the center of the Earth Believed to be mostly Iron, smaller amounts of Nickel, almost no Oxygen, Silicon, Aluminum, or Magnesium

6. Tectonic Plates

7. Plate Tectonics Greek – “tektonikos” of a builder Pieces of the lithosphere that move around Each plate has a name Fit together like jigsaw puzzles Float on top of mantle similar to ice cubes in a bowl of water

8. Continental Drift http://members.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/planets/earth/Continents.shtml Alfred Wegener 1900’s Continents were once a single land mass that drifted apart. Fossils of the same plants and animals are found on different continents Called this supercontinent Pangea, Greek for “all Earth” 245 Million years ago Split again – Laurasia & Gondwana 180 million years ago

9. Evidence of Pangea

10. Sea Floor Spreading

11. Mid Ocean Ridges – underwater mountain chains that run through the Earth’s Basins Magma rises to the surface and solidifies and new crust forms Older Crust is pushed farther away from the ridge

12. How Plates Move http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/unanswered.html

13. Bell work p.20 What is the name of the place where two plates meet? Content Goal: To be able to explain the three types of plate boundaries.

14. 2/5 BELL WORK 1.Take out a piece of notebook paper. 2.Put your full name and period in top right corner. 3.Number your paper 1-3 4.Skip a line, add number 4 5.Skip 3 lines, add number 5 6.You will have ten minutes to complete pop quiz

15. Different Types of Boundaries http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

16. Divergent Plate Boundaries Plates separate Usually on ocean floor New rocks formed Called rift valley Examples: Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Iceland (above sea level)

17. Divergent Boundary – Iceland http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html

18. Iceland rift valley

19. Progression of Rift Valleys

20. Divergent Boundary – Oceanic Sea Floor Spreading http://www.geology.com

21. Divergent Boundary - Continental http://www.geology.com

22. Divergent Boundary – Arabian and African Plates

23. AFRICAN RIFT VALLEY

25. Convergent Plate Boundaries Ocean-Continental More dense plate subducts when plates converge Oceanic crust subducts under continental plate Forms volcanic mountain chains to east of subduction Deep earthquakes to the west of subduction

26. Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

27. Mt Ranier and Crator Lake

28. Oceanic-Oceanic Convergent Plate Boundaries More dense plate subducts Forms a deep open trench to west of subduction zone Island arcs form 300km to east of subduction zone

29. Convergent Boundary – Oceanic & Oceanic http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.htmlhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

30. Aleutian Islands in Alaska/Japan/Phillipines

31. Continental-Continental Convergent Boundaries More dense plate subducts, often both plates are of same density Major mountain ranges form

32. Convergent Boundaries - Continental http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/understanding.html & http://www.geology.comhttp://www.geology.com

33. Great Smoky Mountains/Appalachian Mountains/Rocky Mountains

34. Convergent Boundary – Indian and Eurasian Plates Himalayan Mountain Range - Mt. Everest

35. Hot Spots

36. Transform Boundary – San Andreas Fault www.geology.com

37. Review Name the 3 main layers of the Earth What is a tectonic plate? What was Pangea? What is Sea-Floor spreading? Name the three different types of plate boundaries and one location on Earth for each one