1. This Briefing is: UNCLASSIFIED Aha! Analytics 2278 Baldwin Drive Phone: (937) 477-2983, FAX: (866) 450-3812 1 A Recurring Knowledge Transfer Problem, Linked Annotation, and the HyLighter Tool Jan 2012 Dave Lush, SME Aha! Analytics

2. UNCLASSIFIED 2 Contents  Purpose  Observations  The Generic Problem  Linked Annotation Concepts and CONOPS  Benefits of Implementing the CONOPS  HyLighter

3. UNCLASSIFIED 3 Purpose To Communicate Ideas/Concepts about A Recurring Problem in Knowledge Capture, Creation, and Transfer and a Solution: HyLighter

4. UNCLASSIFIED Observations  Collaborative Work Is Becoming More And More Necessary And Accordingly Much More Prevalent  Tools For Supporting Collaborative Work Abound But …  For An Important Class of Scenarios, the Available Environments and Tools Lack Key Features For Linking, Sharing, and Reusing Knowledge 4

5. UNCLASSIFIED The Generic Problem  Many Enterprises Need to Develop Knowledge Products  Address Various Requirements, Problems, Issues, Questions  Derived from Selected Knowledge Sources and/or Appropriate People in Context of a Certain Domain or COI  The Enterprise Also May Seek to Maximize the Amount of Knowledge Sharing and Learning That Occurs During the Knowledge Product Development Efforts  This Problem Occurs All the Time in Many Contexts:  Policy/Doctrine Formulation  Legal Discovery:  Medical Diagnosis and Consultation:  Brain Storming and Problem Solving:  Strategic and Project Planning:  Research and Development:  Systems Engineering:  Intelligence Assessment and Production:  Semantic Artifact (Taxonomy, Ontology) Development: 5

6. UNCLASSIFIED Key Knowledge Processes  The Generic Problem Cited Is Really All About the Execution of Core Knowledge Processes So As to Capture, Create, and Transfer Knowledge  Relevant Knowledge Has Been Externalized in Various Sources and Internalized in Various Human Heads  Internalized and Yet to Be Created Knowledge Will Come Out of Human Heads in Context of Collaborative Discourse  The Problem Is to Facilitate the Processes of Knowledge Creation, Capture, Sharing, and Transfer in Order to Create the Desired Knowledge Product and to Capture and Share Knowledge That Can Be Re-used 6

7. UNCLASSIFIED 7 Knowledge Creation and Conversion (Nonaka & Takeuchi 1995) Automated Process Externalized Knowledge Externalized Knowledge socialization externalization internalization socialization internalization externalization combination creation Nonaka and Takeuchi cite 2 states of knowledge and 5 knowledge processes. Knowledge has 2 states:  Internal  external There are 5 knowledge processes:  Creation  Externalization (int to ext)  Internalization (ext to int)  Socialization (int to int)  Combination (ext to ext)

8. UNCLASSIFIED Our Generic Problem (involves all core knowledge creation and transfer processes) 8 Externalized Source Knowledge internalization creation Externalized Target Knowledge externalization The Intermediate Knowledge “Soup” externalization Internalization socialization The Intermediate Knowledge Soup Is the Collection of Externalized Knowledge Extracted From the Source Objects and from the Heads of the Collaborators collaborative team charged with creation of a knowledge product

9. UNCLASSIFIED Traditional Problems  This Is Not a New Problem But We Haven’t Properly Addressed It in Context of New Demands for Knowledge Creation and Transfer  At Present, the Intermediate Knowledge “Soup” That Results from the Collaborative Knowledge Extraction Effort Is Not Adequately Persisted and Not Sufficiently Replete, Granular, and Linked  Current Tools Do Not Have Requisite Features to Properly Facilitate the Knowledge Processes Involved e.g.  Way Too Cumbersome!  Don’t Support Multiple Object Types (MS Office, Images, Diagrams, RDF/OWL)  Don’t Support Document Fragment Level Highlighting and Annotation  Don’t Support Annotation Level Commentary and Commentary Level Commentary  Don’t Persist Annotations So That They Readily Support Browsing, Organizing, Search, Re-use (e.g. as references), etc  Don’t Have Requisite Linkage  Don’t Have Requisite Scalability 9

10. UNCLASSIFIED Basic Operational Concepts  Source Knowledge Objects  A Source of Knowledge to Be Captured  Consists of Multiple Knowledge Fragments/Nuggets/Excerpts  Humans  Charged with Creating a Knowledge Product  Also a Source of Knowledge to Be Captured  Detect, Designate, High Light Fragments of Interest in Source Objects  Provide Annotation About Fragments and Commentary About Annotations and Other Commentary; These Are Called Linked Annotations or Linked Comments  Collaborative Environment Enabling Linked Annotation or Commentary  Source Objects, Target Objects, Reviewers/Annotators  Designated (High Lighted) Object Fragment  The Annotation or Comment  URL for the Designated Fragment and Associated Annotations/Comments 10

11. UNCLASSIFIED Basic CONOPS  Generate Problem Tasking Statement, Project Plan, and Research Protocol; Form Collaborative Team and Initiate Project  Identify, Acquire, and Position Source Objects  Accomplish Collaborative Review and Linked Annotation of the Source Objects IAW Plans; Linked Annotations Are Tagged with Their Own URLs Which Are Captured to Enable Subsequent Rapid Access to Excerpt and Annotation  Review/Analyze Collective Results of Initial Collaborative Review (Linked Annotations/Comments) and ID and Comment On Key Annotations  Incorporate Key Annotations/Comments into the Definition, Design, and Population of the Target Knowledge Object  Draft the Target Object to Include Annotations/Comments or References to Key Annotations/Comments  Accomplish Collaborative Review and Linked Annotation of the Target (Product) and Refine Target Product Until Deemed Finished 11

12. UNCLASSIFIED The Basic CONOPS 12 Source Objects and High Lighted Excerpts Linked Annotations and Comments Target Objects With URLs to Annotations and Excerpts Collaborative Linked Annotation Platform Collaborative Concurrent Review, High Lighting, and Annotation Linked Commentary on Existing Annotations and Comments Tagging of Linked Annotations and Comments With URLs Capture, Browse, Search, Share, Re-use Linked Annotation Knowledge Insertion of Selected Annotation URLs into the Final Work Product Knowledge Worker Knowledge Worker Target Object

13. UNCLASSIFIED HyLighter Data Structure  When a collaborative HyLighter session is completed a repository of linked annotations results.  This repository captures and links documents, highlighted fragments, fragment location, annotations, extracted tags, annotators, timestamps.  This repository can be mined for valuable knowledge not known to the team prior to the collaborative session. 13

14. UNCLASSIFIED 14

15. UNCLASSIFIED Key Benefits Linked Annotation  Facilitated Knowledge Discovery/Capture in Source Objects Via High Lighting and Linked Annotation  Knowledge Linking Via Linked Annotation/Commenting  Expedited Knowledge Creation/Transfer Via Social Interaction of the Collaborative Team  Facilitated Creation of the Derived Knowledge Product Via Linked Annotation  Derived Products Enriched Via Links to Linked Annotations  Growing Archive of Linked Annotations and Comments Available for Search, Browse, Analytics, and Re-use 15

16. UNCLASSIFIED HyLighter  Collaborative Web Based Environment for Linked Annotation  Enables the Preceding CONOPS and Numerous Use Cases  Linked Annotations  Knowledge Creation, Capture, Linking, Sharing, Re-use, Quick Access to References, etc  Supports Multiple Object Types (MS Office, images, etc)  Integrates with SharePoint  HyLighter Contact Info:  Web Site: www.hylighter.comwww.hylighter.com  POCs: Dr. David Lebow (david@hylighter.com) Mr. Ben Minsk (bminsk@hylighter.com)david@hylighter.combminsk@hylighter.com 16