1. Unit 4 Chapter 29 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

2. Unit 4 Objectives 13- Identify the history of prevalence of HIV/AIDS in the United States 14- Demonstrate an awareness of current statistics related to Sexually Transmitted Diseases, including HIV/AIDS 9- Identify methods of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease and whether or not they are effective. Abstinence is the only sure way to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted disease.

3. Unit 4 Objectives 6- List early symptoms and long-term consequences of syphilis, gonorrhea, genital herpes, Chlamydia, genital warts (HPV), HIV/AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases 16- Describe the clinical coarse of HIV/AIDS 19- Identify the benefits of setting personal goals for maintaining a healthy body 10- Recognize that sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS, are communicable diseases and that abstinence is the sure method of prevention

4. Terms Chapter 29 Lesson 1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) – infectious diseases that spread from person to person through sexual contact Epidemic- an outbreak of infectious disease that effects a large population

5. Terms Chapter 29 Lesson 2 Chlamydia- an infection caused by bacteria that effect the vagina in females in the urethra in males. Nonogonococcal urethritis- an infection cause by several different kinds of bacterial like organisms that infect the urethra in males and the cervix in females Gonorrhea- an STD caused by bacteria that affect the genital mucous membrane, primarily in the lining of the urethra of the male and in the cervix and vagina of a female Trichomoniasis- a vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and bladder infections Vaginitis- a common inflammation of the female genitals Genital herpes- blister like sores in the genital area Genital warts- reddish warts with cauliflower like tops that appear on the genitals Syphilis – a STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium called a spirochete

6. Terms Chapter 30 Lesson 1 Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) - HIV infection combined with severe immune deficiency. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) – a virus that attacks the body’s immune system Intravenous (IV) drugs- drugs that are injected in the veins

7. Terms Chapter 30 Lesson 2 HIV-reactive- infected with HIV ELSA (EIA) – a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood Confirmatory test- a highly accurate test used to confirm the results of a reactive ELISA (EIA). Asymptomatic Stage – A period of time in which no symptoms can be seen AIDS- opportunistic illness (AIDS-OIs)- infections and other diseases caused by organisms that do not usually produce illness and help people with unimpaired immune systems.

8. Chapter 29 Sexually Transmitted Diseases

9. Lesson 1 Preventing STD’s

10. STD’s: The Silent Epidemic Epidemic – is and outbreak of an infectious disease that affects large population About 12 million new cases of STD’s are reported in America each year STD’s are often called the “Silent Epidemic”

11. STD’s and Adolescents Having more than one sexual partner rather that committing to a single, long-term relationship Engaging in unprotected sex Selecting partners at higher risk, history of multiple sex partners Drugs and alcohol lower inhibitions

12. STD’s and Your Future Some STD’s cause Sterility (the inability to reproduce) Infants born to mothers with STD’s can be infected at birth and suffer consequences such as blindness, and deformities Individuals with STD’s are at a greater risk to develop cancer and acquire AIDS

13. Practicing Abstinence Having sex during the teen years can lead to other unwanted consequences as well, including and unplanned or unintentional pregnancy and the responsibility of becoming a parent Abstinence – the conscious decision to avoid harmful behaviors, including sexual activity before marriage and the use of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs

14. Lesson 2 Common STD’s and Their Treatments

15. Chlamydia Chlamydia – is an infection caused by a bacterium that affects the vagina in females and the urethra in males Symptoms – (male) pain and burning during urination, unusual discharge from the penis Symptoms – (female) symptoms not always obvious, may include discharge from the vagina, pain in the pelvic region, and painful urination Can lead to nongonococcal urethritis Can cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

16. Gonorrhea Gonorrhea – caused by bacteria that affect the genital mucous membrane, primarily in the lining of the urethra of the male and in the cervix and vagina of the female Symptoms – are not always obvious, especially in females, female symptoms may include: a slight discharge from the vagina, burning sensation during urination, abnormal menstruation, and abdominal pain Symptoms – males: whitish discharge from the penis and burning sensation during urination, lymph nodes in the groin may also become enlarged and tender

17. Trichomoniasis Trichomoniasis – is a vaginal infection that can lead to urethra and bladder infections Males are rarely affected by trichomoniasis, but they can be carriers

18. Genital Warts Genital warts – are pink or reddish warts with cauliflowerlike tops that appear on the genitals Once infected the person has the virus for the rest of his or her life Known to cause cervical cancer in women

19. Genital Herpes Genital herpes – appears as a blister-like sores in the genital area There is no cure for the herpes virus Symptoms include fever and burning sensation during urination Virus may spread to other areas of the body

20. Syphilis Syphilis – is an STD that attacks many parts of the body and is caused by a small bacterium Dangerous because syphilis develops in stages, and symptoms may appear then go away. The carrier thinks that they are ok, when in fact they are in serious medical danger Symptoms – damage to vital organs, such as the heart, the liver, the kidneys, and the central nervous system. It can cause heart disease, blindness, paralysis, and insanity

21. Stages of Syphilis Primary Stage: a chancre sore appears on the genitals, that is painless and reddish in color. Sore lasts 1 to 5 weeks then goes away if left untreated Secondary Stage: if untreated, pathogen circulates in the blood. Within 1 to 6 months a non-itching rash appears on the chest, backs of the arms, and legs. In females rash most commonly found on the outer edges of the vagina Latent Stage: begins about 2 to 3 years from infection. All signs disappear, disease attacks the heart, blood vessels and central nervous system Neurosyphilis Stage: happens 10 to 30 years from infection, heart, brain, and spinal cord affected. Inability to control muscular coordination, blindness, or insanity. May experience convulsions and paralysis

22. Other STD’s Chancroid Candidiasis Pubic Lice Scabies Hepatitis B, C Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which is the virus that causes AIDS

23. Responsibilities of Infected Persons Seek treatment Inform all future sexual partners of any disease that you may have contracted Sexual protection through the use of latex condoms or other protective devices

24. Chapter 30 HIV and AIDS

25. Lesson 1 HIV Infection

26. AIDS and HIV Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) – is the final stage of the infection of the HIV virus. Destroys the immune system that fights off disease Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) – is a virus hat attacks the body’s immune system

27. HIV and the Body Attacks the body’s lymphocytes that are responsible for removing foreign bacteria and viruses from the body Destroys these lymphocytes and the body loses the ability to fight off disease

28. How HIV Is Transmitted HIV is transmitted by the passing of body fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk

29. Risk Behaviors Known to Transmit HIV Use of needles for intravenous drug use Unprotected sexual intercourse Blood transfusions Pregnant women can pass the disease to the child by way of the umbilical chord

30. Teenagers at Risk HIV infection among teens is on the rise AIDS is now the leading cause of death in 25 – 44 year olds. Most of these deaths came from people who were infected as teens AIDS is now the leading cause of death for women in 15 of the largest cities in the U.S.

31. Lesson 2 Treatment for HIV-Related Illnesses and AIDS

32. HIV Testing If you are involved in high risk sexual or drug related behavior, you should get tested EIA – is a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood Confirmatory Test – follows the EIA test, a accurate test used to confirm the results of a reactive EIA test

33. Symptoms of HIV Infection Asymptomatic Stage : a period of months or years during which the virus is present on the blood but there are no symptoms or signs of the disease Symptomatic Stage : include fever, rash, headache, body aches, and swollen glands (may be mistaken for the flu)

34. Diagnosis of AIDS AIDS is a disorder associated with the last stages of HIV Diagnosed when the body’s T-Cell count falls below 200 Person dies from other infectious diseases such as flu, cancer, bronchitis, or other serious illnesses (AIDS-OIs)

35. Common AIDS-OIs Mycobacterium Avium Complex Cryptococcosis Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Toxoplasmosis Gondii Cytomegalovirus AIDS-Related Cognitive Motor Dysfunction Peripheral Nerve/ Spinal Cord Dysfunction

36. Research and Treatment Research for a vaccine is on going There is no current cure for HIV, which will ultimately cause death Protease inhibitors, Zidovudine (AZT) and 3TC have reduced the amount of HIV virus produced by the body, but they are not a cure!

37. Obstacles to Research and Treatment HIV is a retrovirus which is difficult to combat Lack of appropriate animal models to experiment vaccines on Affordability of treatment – the HIV Cocktail is very expensive

38. AIDS Education AIDS is pandemic which means that it’s outbreak is world wide Education on how the disease is spread and preventative measures could help slow the spread of AIDS

39. Abstinence and HIV/AIDS Staying away form sexual activity and drug use is the only full-proof method of preventing contracting HIV Choose your relationships carefully Learn and practice refusal skills Be informed of your partners past sexual history Inform your partner of your past sexual history