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2. 2 What You Will Do Identify the two categories of vitamins and foods that provide them. List and describe the major minerals and their role in nutrition. Analyze the relationship between sound nutritional practices and physical activity. Explain the relationship between fluid balance and physical activity. Identify the importance of water to your body’s functioning.

3. 3 Terms to Know vitamins antioxidants minerals phytonutrients dietary supplement

4. 4 Micronutrients Because vitamins and minerals are nutrients needed in tiny amounts, they are known as micronutrients. Vitamins Micronutrients that help control body processes and help your body release energy to do work. Term to Know Vitamins don’t contain calories, so they don’t provide energy.

5. 5 Micronutrients Vitamins are classified in two ways: Fat-soluble vitamins (including A, D, E, and K) can be stored in the body. Water-soluble vitamins (including C and B complex) are not stored in your body.

6. 6 Micronutrients Some vitamins and minerals exhibit antioxidant properties. Antioxidant Substances that protect body cells, including those of the immune system, from damage. Term to Know They protect cells from injury and reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, and premature aging.

7. 7 Micronutrients Minerals such as calcium, potassium, sodium, and iron, help your body function. Minerals Substances that the body cannot manufacture but that are needed for forming healthy bones and teeth and for regulating many vital body processes. Term to Know Like vitamins, minerals do not contain calories or supply your body with energy.

8. 8 Micronutrients Calcium, potassium, and sodium are minerals that are classified as electrolytes. Electrolytes help maintain normal heart rhythm and control the body’s fluid balance.

9. 9 Micronutrients Minerals help your body function. Calcium helps build and maintain strong bones. Potassium aids in normal muscle contractions and in the sending of nerve impulses that control the movement of muscles. Sodium helps maintain the fluid balance inside and outside cells and helps nerve impulse transmission. Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells, which carry oxygen from the lungs to all cells.

10. 10 Water Drinking water is essential for these reasons: It regulates body temperature. It carries nutrients to cells. It aids in digestion and elimination. It is key to many bodily chemical reactions.

11. 11 Phytonutrients A simple plant-based food may contain several hundred phytonutrients. Includes beta carotene and lutein. Phytonutrients Health-promoting substances found in plant foods. Term to Know

12. 12 Dietary Supplements Vitamins and minerals are available in dietary supplement form. Dietary supplement A nonfood form of one or more nutrients. Term to Know

13. 13 Food Sources for Vitamins and Minerals: Vitamin B 12 – fortified milk, eggs, fortified breakfast cereals, sardines, salmon Calcium – dairy products, leafy vegetables, canned fish with soft edible bones Vitamin C – citrus fruits, cantaloupe, tomatoes Vitamin D – milk, cheese, spinach, eggs, beef liver Iron – meat, shellfish, legumes, peanuts, dried fruit, liver

14. 14 Lesson 2 Review 1.Vocabulary What are vitamins? Name three fat-soluble and three water-soluble vitamins. 2.Recall Describe the importance of water to health. Reviewing Facts and Vocabulary 1. Vocabulary Vitamins are micronutrients that help control body processes and help your body release energy to do work. 2. Recall Water is essential for life. Without it death would occur in six to seven days.

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