2. Part 1

3. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Scientists DNA # 1DNA # 2 RNA #1 RNA #2

4. Who discovered the shape of the DNA molecule and won the Nobel Prize?

5. Watson & Crick Scientists - 100

6. Who used X-rays to determine what DNA really looked like?

7. Rosalind Franklin Scientists - 200

8. What scientist actually found DNA is the “factor” that caused good bacteria to change into bad bacteria? He also used mice in his experiment.

9. Scientists - 300 Avery Remember: Avery got an “A” for finding DNA

10. Who used radioactive bacteriophages (viruses) to find the genetic material?

11. Hershey & Chase They “chase”d after Avery’s idea of where genetic material is found using viruses. Scientists - 400

12. Who tried to find the genetic material but failed? Instead he found TRANSFORMATION. This scientist injected mice with killed disease causing bacteria and good, live bacteria and the mice died of pneumonia.

13. Griffith F for failing to find genetic material! F for finding Scientists - 500

14. What does DNA stand for and what is its shape?

15. DeoxyriboNucleic Acid Double Helix DNA #1 - 100

16. What sugar is in DNA? Think: “ose”

17. Deoxyribose DNA #1 - 200 (Do not need to know this structure. )

18. Name the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide

19. 5-Carbon Sugar (Deoxyribose) Phosphate Group Nitrogen Base DNA #1 - 300

20. Name the 4 Nitrogen bases in DNA and how do they pair up? What is the rule called and what scientist found it? What holds pairs together?

21. Adenine (A)=Thymine (T) Cytosine (C)=Guanine (G) Rule of Base Pairing or Chargaff’s Rule Hydrogen Bonds DNA #1 - 400

22. What are the structures of A&G and T&C called? Single ring Double ring Are there more purines or pyrimidines in DNA?

23. Purines (A&G) 2 rings (house & outhouse) Pyrimidines (T&C) 1 ring cytosine & thymine DNA #1 - 500 %Purines = %Pyrimidines

24. What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps itself around to condense (coil up)?

25. Histones DNA #2 - 100

26. 1. What is replication? 2. Why is it important? 3. How many new strands are made at the end of replication?

27. 1. Copying of DNA 2. For cell division 3. 2 new strands of DNA giving a total of 4 strands 1 new w/ 1 original DNA #2 - 200

28. An original strand of DNA has these nitrogen bases C G G T A T G A C What are the bases for the new DNA strand during replication?

29. DNA #2 - 300 C G G T A T G A C original G C C A T A C T A new

30. What enzyme (protein) copies the DNA for replication?

31. DNA Polymerase DNA #2 - 400

32. Where is DNA found, what type of cells, and what is its function?

33. DNA is the genetic code for making proteins and is found in the nucleus of eukaryotes. DNA #2 - 500

34. What does RNA stand for and what is its function?

35. RiboNucleic Acid Makes proteins RNA #1 - 100

36. What sugar is in RNA?

37. Ribose RNA #1 - 200

38. What nitrogen base does RNA have that DNA does not have?

39. Uracil (Hint: r for RNA) RNA #1 - 300

40. What is the structure of RNA and where is it found?

41. Single Strand starts in nucleus and goes out to cytoplasm to the ribosome. RNA #1 - 400 CYTOPLASM

42. Name some similarities between DNA and RNA?

43. RNA #1 - 500 Both Have: Sugar + Phosphate Backbone A, C, G nitrogen bases

44. What is the enzyme (protein) that reads the DNA and makes mRNA?

45. RNA Polymerase RNA #2 - 100

46. What is the 3 base code on the mRNA called?

47. Codon RNA #2 - 200

48. Name the 3 different types of RNA and what do each do.

49. mRNA- brings genetic code for proteins from DNA to ribosome (recipe) tRNA- brings amino acids to ribosomes (sous chef) rRNA- (ribosome) makes the protein (chef) RNA #2 - 300

50. Where does the mRNA go after being made in the nucleus? Name the location in the cell and organelle.

51. To the ribosomes in the cytoplasm RNA #2 - 400

52. What does the tRNA bring to the ribosome, how many, and what are the 3 bases called? (Need 3 things)

53. tRNA brings 1 Amino Acid and attaches to codon using its Anticodon RNA #2 - 500