1. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization (Grundlagen der thermischen Nutzung von Biomasse) Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien)

2. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Content ADefinitions and Energy Units BOverview about Biomass Utilization (Austria, Europe, World) CFuel Related Characteristics of Biomass DFundamentals of Thermal Conversion of Biomass EPrinciples of Energy Transformation

3. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Conversion of Energy Example: Biomass to Electricity Clausius Rankine Process (Steam Process)

4. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Chemical Energy Energy chemically bound in fuels (e.g. biomass) E chem = m.Ho m … Mass of fuel [kg] Ho … Gross calorific value [kJ/kg]

5. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Potential Energy (Gravitational Energy) Energy which is stored in a mass due to a certain height difference (e.g. hydro power) E pot = m.g.  h m …Mass [kg] g … Gravity (9,81) [m/s 2 ]  h …Height difference [m]

6. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Potential Energy (Gravitational Energy) E pot = m.g.  h

7. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Kinetic Energy Energy which has got a moving mass (e.g. wind energy). E kin = m.v 2 /2 m … Mass [kg] v …Velocity of the mass [m/s]

8. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Kinetic Energy E kin = m.v 2 /2

9. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Pressure (Flow) Energy Energy stored in a fluid under pressure (e.g. steam turbine) E p = p.V p … Pressure of fluid [Pa] V … Volume (Area.x) [m 3 ]

10. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Pressure (Flow) Energy E p = p.V

11. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Thermal Energy Energy, which contains a mass (fluid) due to its temperature (e.g. thermal energy in flue gas). E th = m.c.  T m … Mass [kg] c … Specific heat [kJ/kg.K]  T …Temperature difference [K]

12. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Conversion of Chemical Energy !? Convert chemical energy (e.g.1 kg of biomass with18 MJ/kg) into: Potential Energy Kinetic Energy Thermal Energy

13. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Multiple Choice Test The net calorific value of wood is about 18 MJ/kg. Which mass kg can be lifted 1 m in height with the same amount of energy ? 1.800 kg 18.000 kg 180.000 kg 1.800.000 kg

14. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization Multiple Choice Test The net calorific value of wood is about 18 MJ/kg. How many litters of water can be heated up from 25 °C to 100 °C with the same amount of energy ? 1 lit 18 lit 57 lit 94 lit

15. MSc Program - Renewable Energy in Central and Eastern Europe Univ. Prof. Dipl. Ing. Dr. Hermann Hofbauer Modul 2 - Biomass, Biogas, and Biofuels Fundamentals of Thermal Biomass Utilization