1. Study Questions for Quiz 1 1. The Concept of Validity (20 points) a. You will be asked to give the two different definitions of validity given in the lecture on validity. Answers = 1. Assuming the premises are all true, the conclusion has to be true. 2. It is impossible for all the premises to be true and the conclusion to be false. b. There will be about 5 True-False questions like these: 1. Every invalid argument has a false conclusion. Answer = F 2. Every sound argument is valid. Answer = T (more on next slide)

2. Study Questions for Quiz 1 2. Translation (28 points) There will be 4 or 5 Translation exercises such as the following: a. IVAN can come, provided that JOHN will if MARY does. Answer = (M>J)>I b. JOHN's staying will result in MARY's leaving. So Mary will leave because John will stay. Answer = J>M, J | M (more on next slide)

3. Study Questions for Quiz 1 3. (22 points) You will be asked to complete 3 proofs using > Out. Here is a sample. (R>O)>(O>P), R, R>O | P Answer = (1) (R>O)>(O>P) A (2) R A (3) R>O A (4) O 3,2 >O (5) O>P 1,3 >O (6) P 5,4 >O