1. Whispers in the Wind: Rediscovering Native Americans of Texas

2. Caddo Jumanos Comanches West Texas Plains Piney Woods of East Texas Mountains and Basins Region Along Gulf Coast from Galveston to Corpus Christi

3. Comanches (most feared tribe) www.texasbeyondhistory.net

4. Dirt storms and tornadoes “Comancheria” Battled intruders Use of Land & Water

5. Clothing Breechcloth made of tanned buffalo hide Leggings Buffalo robes Boots & snowshoes Painted faces RED Braided Hair Feathered Headdresses

6. Foods Buffalo – every part of it used, boiled, broiled, eaten raw or as jerky Nuts and berries Drank warm animal blood

7. Homes Buffalo hide Tepees www.texasbeyondhistory.net

8. Customs Life centered around 2 activities: Hunting & War Horse = most important possession (buried with them) Expert Horsemen

9. Caddo www.texasbeyondhistory.net/.../who.html

10. Use of Land & Water Fertile land for farming Trotlines Hunted Deer (most important animal)

11. Clothing Deerskin and fur capes Shells Tattoos Men: Mohawks Women: Long parted in middle http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/caddo

12. Do you see any similarities with today’s styles? Marek Adney of Austin, TX http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/caddo/images/oldnew.html

13. Foods CORN, ate beans, sunflowers, melons, pumpkins, tobacco and squash Deer, buffalo and javelina Used traps and trotlines

14. Homes Beehive shaped grass huts 25- 40 feet diameter. Up to 40 people in one hut home.netcom.com/~wandaron/caddo.html

15. Customs Huge burial mounds Weepers Confederacy with 2 leaders: –1 war & peace leader –1 religious leader Made Pottery & wove mats from bamboo www.texasbeyondhistory.net/.../who.html

16. Karankawas

17. Use of Land & Water Gulf of Mexico for food Dugout canoes LONG cedar bows 3 foot arrows made of sugar cane Weapons & tools from seashells or wood

18. Clothing Nude or breechcloths and grass skirts Sugar cane body piercings Very tall and powerfully built Coated bodies with alligator/shark grease to ward off mosquitoes (VERY Stinky!!!) Tattooed faces with blue lines and figures Chokers of shell, glass, pistachio nuts or metal

19. Foods Oysters & Clams Scallops & Fish Turtles Locusts Prairie hens and quail

20. Homes Winter months spent along coast: Small huts of willow poles with draped animal skins and grass Summer months spent inland: several sticks with woven mats over it

21. Customs Flattened babies heads with cradleboards Like other tribes they ate the flesh of their enemies believing they would gain their enemy’s courage Karankawa = dog lovers Wrestlers Mitotes "“Caw Wacham: Flathead Woman with Child”." Online Photograph. Britannica Student Encyclopædia. 2 Sept. 2008.http://student.britannica.com/eb/art- 94957

22. Jumanos http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/kids/about_texas/regions/big_bend/big_kids/

23. Use of Land & Water Settled along Concho river and farmed Hunted and gathered Little Rainfall Irrigation

24. Clothing Striped Tattoos on faces COTTON tunics Capes or cloaks Color feathers Yucca Sandals

25. Food Pinon nuts, mesquite beans & squash Pottery and gourds to cook Buffalo Gourds Pinon Nuts Squash Mequite Beans www.glennwalter.com/honey_mesquite_tree.htm

26. Homes Pueblos made of stone or adobe (sun-dried mud) Square flat roofs partially underground www.texasbeyondhistory.net/firecracker/index. html

27. Customs Striped facial tattoos = peaceful trader Special house for visitors Heads bowed = “welcome” Arrows were so well-made Eastern tribes were eager to trade Mhln.com

29. Interactive Websites How many ways to use a buffalo: http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/buffalo.html http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/buffalo.html Buffalo Matching Game: http://americanhistory.si.edu/kids/buffalo/matching/tail.ht ml http://americanhistory.si.edu/kids/buffalo/matching/tail.ht ml World of the Caddo: http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/caddo/index.html http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/caddo/index.html Talking Hands http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st- plains/kids/talking/index.htmlhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/st- plains/kids/talking/index.html Imagine It: http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/imagine.html http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/kids/imagine.html