1. P O W H I R I What is the purpose of powhiri?

2.  The powhiri is a ritual of encounter between:  The host people and the visitors  The rituals clears away any tapu barriers  All who take part are under the protection of the marae  The visitors show respect by giving support (koha) and being careful to keep to the values and practices of the host people

3. Present in Powhiri is Tapu and Noa  Acknowledges the sacred/spiritual to land, to people, to atua (god)  The protection of and maintenance of boundaries as they apply within the tikanga (protocols) of iwi, hapu and whanau. Including people, places, actions.

4. What is tapu? What is noa?  The dual concept of tapu (sacred) and noa (free from tapu) regulated and constricted every facet of Maori life  Tapu is a positive force, associated with life, immortality, masculine objects and women of the highest rank.  Noa allowed things to become normal

5. Kawa, Tikanga and Powhiri  When conducting powhiri it is necessary to consider some comcepts:  Kawa (boundaries)  Kawa polices a practice. It serves to ensure that the outcome intended is achieved through a minimum standard of practice that aligns itself to the cultures philosophy and view of the world  Tikanga (Practices)  Tikanga implies that there is a correct way to do things that involves priority based on past observations or whakapapa that helped qualify and quantify the ‘correctness’ of the said practice

7. KA TAE MAI NGA MANUHIRI

10. Ka wero te kaiwero  A warrior will come out to assess the intentions of the visitors  He will be the ‘best’ warrior  He will issue a challenge  How the challenge is responded to will indicate the guests intentions

11. Ka whakautu te kaikaranga manuhiri

12. Ka karanga te kaikaranga  The women on the tangata whenua (host) side will call to the guests  The women on the visitors side will respond to the hosts and the manuhiri start their entrance onto the marae  The kaikaranga (caller) is the first speaker. She represents the very best of female speakers where women do not speak on the marae atea.

14. Haka Powhiri

15. Ka korero te kaikorero The men stand and speak this part of the process is about removing tapu and initiating the start of kotahitanga

16. Ka korero te kaikorero  After each speaker the rest of the whanau stand and sing a waiata tautoko  (supporting song)

17. The Hongi

18. Ka hongi tetahi ki tetahi  After the whaikorero and waiata there is an opportunity to lay down your koha (gift)  Following this, everyone greets each other. The hongi.

19. Ka kaitahi  To completely break the tapu and bring about kotahitanga everyone shares kai (food) together

20. Powhiri and nga atua Maori  Tumatauenga governs the kawa of wero  Papatuanuku, Hineahuone and Hine titama hold the kawa of the karanga  Tane te wananga and Tu te ihiihi influence the kawa of whaikorero  Tawhirimatea, tane mahuta and Tumatauenga hold the kawa of the marae atea  Rongomatane hold the kawa of the whare tipuna  Tahu, Hinenuitepo and Rongomaraeroa govern the kawa of kai hakari

21. Roles and Roleplayers Kia Karanga: The caller – call of welcome Whaikorero – The orator speech of welcome Kai Waiata – The singer Complementary chants or songs Tangi – expression of emotion, sorrow, grief, joy Kokiri take – initating projects and action, addressing issues Whakatara – stirring, being accountable and holding people to what they say they will do Karakia – Prayer Mahi kai – The gathering of food Whakapai marae –The tidying of the marae