1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Indian Removal Essential Question: Why did Jackson use force to remove Indians from the Southeast?

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Describe the culture of Native Americans in the Southeast. Describe the conflict over land occupied by Native Americans in the Southeast. Discuss the forced removal of Native Americans. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Why did Jackson use force to remove Indians from the Southeast? Starting with President Jefferson, there were attempts to move Native Americans westward. Jefferson hoped Native Americans would move voluntarily west of the Mississippi River

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After the War of 1812, Native Americans in the “old” Northwest gave up their lands and moved west of the Mississippi River. However, the Native Americans living in the Southeast refused to move.

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. American settlement To government leaders, the tribes of the Southeast stood in the way of westward expansion. By the 1820s, many southerners were demanding that the government move the tribes by force so farmers could use the land to grow cotton. Fertile farmland Tribes

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Black Hawk War 1827 - US govt says all Native Americans must leave Illinois Chief Black Hawk of the Sauk Indians refuses, saying no one can own land US settlers moved into village when they were away hunting After Sauk attacks, US troops drive out Indians

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The pressure on Native Americans grew. President Monroe created a plan to move all Native Americans west, but it failed. The state of Georgia forced the Creeks to give up most of their land. Georgia tried to force the Cherokees to give up their lands. 1825 1827 1828

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Cherokee Indians Lived peacefully in the Appalachian Mountains of Georgia and Tennessee Adopted culture of whites - wrote and spoke English Had own written language and newspaper Based their government on the U.S. Constitution

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Cherokee Sue For Land Cherokee sued the government of Georgia for taking their land Worcester vs. Georgia - Supreme Court rules Georgia’s actions are illegal and that the Cherokee can stay

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. When Andrew Jackson became President in 1829, more than 100,000 Native Americans lived east of the Mississippi River. Choctaw Chickasaw Cherokee Creek Seminole

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Jackson opposed the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia. In 1830, Jackson put a new federal law into effect. Indian Removal Act

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Indian Removal Act President Jackson pushes Congress to force Indians to move west of the Mississippi Congress established Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) as the new Indian homeland US govt creates Bureau of Indian Affairs

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jackson’s Indian Removal Act was enforced in the 1830s. 18301831–18331838 The Choctaws signed a treaty giving up their land. Like most Native Americans, they thought they had no other choice.

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The Choctaws moved west to Oklahoma. They suffered greatly on their journey. The federal government failed to provide enough supplies, such as tents and food. 18301831–18331838

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Van Buren forced the Cherokees to leave their lands. 18301831–18331838 The Cherokees remained on their land until after Jackson left office in 1837.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. More than 4,000 Cherokees died because of the relocation, due to the harsh weather, disease, and lack of supplies. The Cherokees’ 1,000-mile forced journey to Indian Territory is known as the Trail of Tears.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. One group of Native Americans, the Seminoles, refused to leave their land. 18301835–18421842 The Seminoles fought three wars against removal. Although they never signed a peace treaty, most Seminoles were forced to move in the 1840s.

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In total, some 100,000 Native Americans were driven from their homes and forced to walk to a new home. In Indian Territory, Native Americans struggled to rebuild their lives in very difficult conditions.

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. John C. Calhoun “One of the greatest evils to which they (Indians) are subject is the incessant (constant) pressure of our population.” 1)According to John C. Calhoun, why is the US government forcing the Native Americans to move off of their homelands? 2)What is wrong with this statement?

20. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. President Andrew Jackson “Chief Justice John Marshall has made his decision. Now let him enforce it.” 1)What is the job of the Supreme Court? 2)What is the job of the President? 3)What should happen if a government official refuses to do his job?