1. Populations

2. Skylark

4. Metapopulations A metapopulation is a series of small, separate populations united together by dispersal

5. Metapopulation Dynamics Metapopulations are viewed as sets of populations persisting in a balance between local extinction and colonization

7. Metapopulations of Bay Checkerspot Butterfly

8. Bay Checkerspot Jasper Ridge

9. Aphids and Epilobium

10. Habitat fragmentation in Amazonia

11. Demography

12. Demography is the study of processes that influence population size - it is the way we study changes brought about by births, deaths and dispersal For Northwest Montana, Greater Yellowstone, Central Idaho

13. The Fundamental Equation of Ecology – Harper 1977 Δ N = B – D + I – E Change in Number = Births – Deaths + Immigration - Emigration John L. Harper – 1925-2009

14. Rearrange Fundamental Equation Δ N = B – D + I – E N future = N now + B – D + I – E Often we assume that I = E, so no net dispersal

15. Common Field Grasshopper

16. Grasshopper – development and incomplete metamorphosis

18. Red Deer – Stag, Hind, Fawn

19. Isle of Rhum, Scotland

20. Red deer fawn being tagged for study

23. Arithmetic scaleLogarithmic scale

24. General types of survivorship curves

25. Human management of species may change survivorship curves A – fish mortality in typical population B – fish taken by fishing

28. Population Pyramid For France Jan. 1, 1967

30. Changes in population of Japan over time

31. Changes in population of Canada from 1971-2006