1. 3D Bioprinting For Cartilage
Lillian Margolis
Biomedical Engineering
October 21, 2015

2. Introduction Tissue Engineering Study of growth of connective tissue
Repair or replace tissue
Cartilage
Connective tissue
Avascular
Three Types: Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrous
3D Bioprinting: scaffolds and bio-ink
[1]
[2]

3. Methods
Scaffolds: three dimensional polymer mold that guides the tissue as it cultures and grows
Mesenchymal stem cells
Chemical cues to mimic the original tissue
[3]
[3]

4. Methods
3D Bioprinting: directly repair or recreate cartilage and integrates with original cartilage
Sizes of tissues printed: under 400 micrometers
5 options
Extrusion
Laser
Inkjet
Thermal Inkjet
Piezoelectric Inkjet
[4]
[5]

5. Studies Thermal Inkjet Study (Human)
Layer by layer, articular cartilage, and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate
4mm diameter, thickness of 2mm, nominal 0.23 microliters bioink
~1140 chondrocytes
Each layer printed and photopolymerized, 18micrometers thick
2 mins total printing time
Printed cartilage with 3d biopaper had higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content than cartilage printed without
Result: Importance of direct cartilage repair; success in placement of individual cells, preserving cell viability, maintaining chondrogenic phenotype, and integrating with original tissue tissue
[5]

6. Studies 4 Bioinks: Ink9010, Ink8020, Ink7030, and Ink6040
Printed small grids with the four different bioinks and crossed-linked them with CaCl2 for 10 mins
Compression testing and shape fidelity testing
The different ink compositions can be used for different printing depending on mechanical properties
[6]
[6]
[6]

7. Conclusion Thermal Inkjet Bioprinting
Print both soft and hard tissue
Best option for repairing cartilage
Ink8020 is most suitable bioink for printing
Future
Optimizing scaffolds
Targeted Drug Therapy
Gene Transfection
[YW]

8. Questions?
What is a biomaterial ? Define it as exogenous or even synthetic.
[1]

9. Resources Besides the Ones in the Abstract
(n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from Types.jpg
What is Tissue Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from is Tissue Engineering.htm
Camarero-Espinosa, S., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Weder, C., & Foster, E. (2015). Directed cell growth in multi-zonal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials, doi: /j.biomaterials
Murphy, S., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol Nature Biotechnology, doi: /nbt.2958
Gao, G., & Cui, X. (2015). Three-dimensional bioprinting in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnology Letters, 1-9. doi: /s
Markstedt, K., Mantas, A., Tournier, I., Ávila, H., Hägg, D., & Gatenholm, P. (2015). 3D Bioprinting Human Chondrocytes with Nanocellulose–Alginate Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications. BioMacroMolecules, doi: /acs.biomac.5b00188
Digital image. University of Rhode Island. N.p., n.d. Web. <