1. Macromolecules Molecules important to life

2. MacromoleculeElementsBuilding Block Structure/FunctionExample s Carbohidrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

3. Notes: Elements in Macromolecules Macromolecules have: Carbon (C ) Hidrogen (H) Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N) Phosphorus(P) Sulfate (S)

4. Functional Groups NH2- amino OH- alcohol : polar COOH- carboxylic

5. Carbohydrates Building Block: sugars (saccharide) Function: Source of Energy/precursor Examples of structure:

6. (Examples in food) Example: glucose

7. Lipids- fats Building Block: Fatty acids Function: – Store energy, form cell membrane, Examples of structure:

8. Examples in food Example:Fat cells

9. Proteins Building Block: amino acids/amino acidos Functions: fight infection, source of energy, act as enzyme, carriers

10. Examples in food Example: hemoglobin in red blood cells Example: keratin in hair

11. Nucleic Acids Building Block: Nucleotides Function: Form DNA and RNA. Used for transmitting and storing the genetic code. Structure:

12. Examples: DNA RNA

13. Types of Carbohydrates Monossaccharide- 1 unit of sugar. Dissaccharide- 2 units of sugar. Polyssaccharide – More than 2 units of sugar.

14. Proteins Formed The order of the amino acids determine the protein formed.

15. Types of lipids 1.Saturated- solids at room temperature (NO double bonds between carbons) -C-C-

16. 2. Unsaturated- liquids at room temperature ( 1 double bond between carbons) -C=C-

17. 3. Polyunsaturated- (more than 1 double bond between carbons) c=c-c=c

18. Nucleotides in Nucleic Acids Nucleotides are composed of a sugar molecule, nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.

19. condensation - Remove water to form larger molecules. Imortant Reactions

20. Hydrolysis: Add water to break up molecules.