1. Rules for the correct pronunciation of the –s ending (1) The sounds /s/ /z/ or / ɪ z/ (plural nouns and third person singular -s) If a word ends with the sounds /s/, /z/, /  /, /t  /, / ʒ /, or /d ʒ / the final s is pronounced / ɪ z/. If a word ends with any other voiceless consonant sound (/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, or /θ/), the final -s is pronounced /s/. If a word ends with any other voiced consonant sound (/b/, /d/, /g/, /v/, /ð/, /l/, /r/, /m/, /n/, or /ŋ/), or a vowel sound, the final -s is pronounced /z/.

2. -s ending Exercise: How are these verbs pronounced? reacheshopes watches fixes rememberskisses risesexpects triesdrives wishesworks / ɪ z/ /s/ / ɪ z/ /z/ / ɪ z/ /s/ / ɪ z/ /z/ / ɪ z/ /s/

3. Rules for the correct pronunciation of the –ed ending Past Simple and Past Participle of regular verbs (-ed) If a verb ends with a /t/ or /d/ sound, the final –ed is pronounced / ɪ d/. If a verb ends with a voiceless consonant sound (/p/, /s/, /k/, /f/, /  /, /t  /, or /θ/), the final -ed is pronounced /t/. If a verb ends with a voiced consonant sound (/b/, /g/, /z/, /v/, /ð/, /l/, /r/, /d ʒ /, /m/, /n/, or /ŋ/), or a vowel sound, the final -ed is pronounced /d/.

4. -d ending Exercise: How are these verbs pronounced? createddecided kisseddisappointed sufferedenjoyed hatedintroduced laughedmixed refuseddisappeared / ɪ d/ /t/ / ɪ d/ /d/ / ɪ d/ /t/ /d/