1. The Writing Process Lecture 4

2. Recap Writing Styles – Formal writing – Informal Writing Writing Efficiently – Conciseness – Coordination and Subordination – Parallelism Writing Exercise (Pre-Assignment)

3. During our review of the writing process… Make sure to keep your work organized in your writing folder.

4. Topic Highlights The three Writing Stages – Pre-writing – Writing – Re-writing Exercise

5. Three Stages of the Writing Process Pre-writing-Planning Writing- Drafting, Editing, Revising Re-writing-Finishing

6. Unearthing Ideas Prewriting There is no need to think about order or correctness. The objective is to produce as many ideas as possible.

7. Prewriting The first stage of the writing process is a time of discovery – you unearth ideas. Prewriting can condense swirling mists of thoughts into words on paper. You uncover raw material to shape and polish later. There is no need to think about order or correctness. The objective is to produce as many ideas as possible.

8. Invention Techniques Keeping a Journal Free writing Clustering Brainstorming List Making & Scratch Outlining Questioning Research work Prewriting

9. Free writing Free writing is uncensored writing, often in sentence form. Free writing enables anyone to start writing immediately. To write free, just empty whatever bits and pieces of ideas are in your mind out onto the paper.

10. Brainstorming Brainstorming captures ideas as they flit by, either as words, phrases, or fragments. You can use this technique in a group or alone. The secret of success in brainstorming is to think fast. In brainstorming, all ideas are respected and recorded, no matter how wild.

11. List Making & Scratch Outlining on Computer List making can be an advantage when you know so much about a topic you feel overwhelmed. Lists often have no apparent order. When you start placing ideas in order, you are beginning a scratch outline. This primitive outline is simply a revised list that herds ideas into a tentative order.

12. Questioning To use questioning at its best, try projecting yourself into the role of a reporter. What questions could you ask to elicit information from other people? The traditional “five W’s and H” (who? What? When? Where? Why? How?) can be expanded to full-fledged questions:

13. Full-Fledged Questions Who was involved? What happened? When did it happen? Where did it happen? Why did it happen? How did it happen? What will be its effect? What can be learned? What is the subject like or unlike? How has it changed over time?

14. Keeping a Journal Some instructors require that students keep a journal to store reactions to essays, fiction, and poetry or other ideas for writing. Journals are also useful for recording observations, impressions, and incidents when you conduct firsthand research.

15. PREWRITING Drafting… Are my thoughts organized? Do I stick with the same idea throughout my writing? Do I know what order I want to say things in? Writing

16. – Did I skip lines? This will allow room for yourself and others to make corrections. Drafting… Writing

17. – Did I label everything? Headings All page numbers etc. Drafting… Writing

18. – Have I used complete sentences? All of my thoughts are complete. There are no run-ons. WRITING Editing…

19. – Are my language conventions correct? Spelling Punctuation Grammar Editing… WRITING

20. – Have I had at least two people edit my paper? Choose two people in the classroom, that are on the editing stage. If no one is, you may choose to look over your work again. You may also write in your journal if you cannot find someone to edit your work. Editing…

21. – Editing others work… Make sure to check for the same items you did when editing your own work. – Check for complete sentences, check the language conventions, and use editing marks for corrections Editing… WRITING

22. Insert Indent/shuffle Check spelling Delete Capitalize Editing… WRITING

23. Your writing has come a long way. After fixing the error you may either choose to type your writing or hand write it on paper. WRITING

24. RE-WRITING Typing your work… – Sign up for a time to get on the computer. – Be sure to reread your work. Spell check is not always reliable. – Look in your writing folder for requirements when typing your work.

25. – If you are given a certain type of paper to write on, make sure you have it. – There should be no errors in your work. Erase all mistakes so that you cannot see them. – Use your best handwriting. – Be sure to reread your work before turning it in. – You may also type your work if you would like. RE-WRITING Handwriting your work…

26. What you write and how you write are very important. Take the necessary time to revise, edit, and proofread your writing. Students often prepare a draft and then submit it. You MUST take the time to revise, edit, and proofread your writing!

27. COMPARISON Reread the paragraph you wrote without going through the process and compare it to the “processed” one. How do they differ? Which one is better? If the “processed” paragraph is better, which phase of the process helped you most?

28. GRANT WOOD’S AMERICAN GOTHIC

29. AMERICAN GOTHIC: WRITING AS PROCESS EXERCISE Look carefully at the picture provided of American Gothic, the famous painting by artist Grant Wood (1892-1942). Notice the details and mood of the composition. Prepare to use the four process steps to write about the painting: – Planning – Drafting – Editing – Revising – Finishing

30. PLANNING AND SHAPING Use single words or phrases to describe the following aspects of the painting: – Background/ sky/ house/ shed – People/ facial expressions/ hair/ eyes/ hand – How are the people similar? Different? What is their relationship to each other? Review your list of details. Answer this question in a single complete sentence: – What central impression do the details seem to convey?

31. DRAFTING Write your sentence out at the top of a new sheet of paper. Write a draft of a paragraph supporting your sentence. Include as many details from your list as you can.

32. REVISING DETAIL: How have the details you mentioned help create the central impression of the painting? ORGANIZATION: Is your paragraph organized? Coherent? Does it support your core sentence? WORD CHOICE: Are your words precise? Replace any fuzzy words with more precise ones.

33. EDITING Review your paragraph for correctness of sentence structure, grammar, spelling and punctuation. Make any necessary changes.

34. Remember, Writing is a Process Every writing assignment is practice for the next one Writing takes time Go through every step of the process Focus on your ideas first Focus on grammar and spelling last Get feedback from a peer, instructor, or tutor

35. Summary We will not exhaust every aspect of writing Process We will focus on the overall process of writing We will not focus on rules We will instead focus on strategies

36. References Alisa Cooper, South Mountain Community College Technical Writing Skills by Gerson and Gerson, Edition-III