1. City Class Tram and reducing carbon emissions Presentation by Professor Lewis Lesley Technical Director TRAM Power Ltd. Unit 4 Carraway Road, Liverpool L11 OEE tel. +44 (0)151 547 1425 web : www.trampower.co.uk Presentation by Professor Lewis Lesley Technical Director TRAM Power Ltd. Unit 4 Carraway Road, Liverpool L11 OEE tel. +44 (0)151 547 1425 web : www.trampower.co.uk

2. Role of UK Public Transport  Buses about 7% of passenger km  Trains about 7% of passenger km  Motor cars about 80% of Pass. km  Buses about 7% of passenger km  Trains about 7% of passenger km  Motor cars about 80% of Pass. km

3. Urban Transport  Buses about 15% of passenger km  Trains about 5% of passenger km  Motor Cars about 70% of pass. km  Walking and cycling about 5%  75% of car trips under 8km.  Buses about 15% of passenger km  Trains about 5% of passenger km  Motor Cars about 70% of pass. km  Walking and cycling about 5%  75% of car trips under 8km.

4. Impact on Carbon Emissions  Motor Cars about 90%  All other modes about 10%  & 99.97% fuelled by oil  Motor Cars about 90%  All other modes about 10%  & 99.97% fuelled by oil

5. Role of urban tramways  Proven to attract motor car users and therefore reduce traffic (emissions)  Better energy efficiency  Lower or nil carbon emissions  Reduce dependency on oil  BUT low priority of Government  Proven to attract motor car users and therefore reduce traffic (emissions)  Better energy efficiency  Lower or nil carbon emissions  Reduce dependency on oil  BUT low priority of Government

6. Reducing tramway costs  TRAM Power Ltd. aims  To lower capital costs  To lower operating costs  To make some tramways commercial  So private funds can build some new systems without subsidies  Busy bus routes more economical as tramways  TRAM Power Ltd. aims  To lower capital costs  To lower operating costs  To make some tramways commercial  So private funds can build some new systems without subsidies  Busy bus routes more economical as tramways

7. Design Principles: without mass production  Proven design concept  The City Class tram from TRAM Power Ltd.  Has world wide application.  Innovative design  COTS = “components off the shelf”.  Mass Produced: (COTS) reduces costs  Low initial, low maintenance and low running costs.  The City Class tram is a highly efficient vehicle.  Can compete with buses on operating costs.  Matches light rail for speed and comfort.  Proven design concept  The City Class tram from TRAM Power Ltd.  Has world wide application.  Innovative design  COTS = “components off the shelf”.  Mass Produced: (COTS) reduces costs  Low initial, low maintenance and low running costs.  The City Class tram is a highly efficient vehicle.  Can compete with buses on operating costs.  Matches light rail for speed and comfort.

8. City Class Development  Computer simulations  laboratory models  bench testing  mock up  slave vehicle  prototype tram  production vehicle  Only private funding used  Computer simulations  laboratory models  bench testing  mock up  slave vehicle  prototype tram  production vehicle  Only private funding used

9. Testing  Mock up  built 1993 for trade exhibition  Slave vehicle  1930 tram with  TRAM Power equipment at one end  operated 1995 - 1997  Prototype  tested at Blackpool 1998 and 2000  Re-engineered tram  Birkenhead Sept - Dec. 2005  Blackpool Jan - present 2006  Mock up  built 1993 for trade exhibition  Slave vehicle  1930 tram with  TRAM Power equipment at one end  operated 1995 - 1997  Prototype  tested at Blackpool 1998 and 2000  Re-engineered tram  Birkenhead Sept - Dec. 2005  Blackpool Jan - present 2006

10.  4 tonne  Low/High floor - 25% length full size  Exhibited and market research in  Birmingham, Blackpool, Chatham, Dublin, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Liverpool, London & Sheffield  4 tonne  Low/High floor - 25% length full size  Exhibited and market research in  Birmingham, Blackpool, Chatham, Dublin, Edinburgh, Gloucester, Liverpool, London & Sheffield Mock up

11.  Redundant 1930’s tram for scrapping  One original bogie and drive removed  TRAM Power bogie  90kW 3phase industrial motor and  Inverter drive fitted  Tested on Blackpool Tramway 1995 - 1997  Redundant 1930’s tram for scrapping  One original bogie and drive removed  TRAM Power bogie  90kW 3phase industrial motor and  Inverter drive fitted  Tested on Blackpool Tramway 1995 - 1997 Slave Tram

12.  29m long  single articulation  bogie, motor and inverter from Slave tram  with second identical set added  tested with HMRI approval 1998 - 2000  29m long  single articulation  bogie, motor and inverter from Slave tram  with second identical set added  tested with HMRI approval 1998 - 2000 Prototype Tram

13. Prototype-Production Vehicle  Prototype completely refurbished 2005 e.g.  new motors  smaller  more powerful  new inverters  smaller  more powerful  Prototype completely refurbished 2005 e.g.  new motors  smaller  more powerful  new inverters  smaller  more powerful

14. The City Class Family 15 m horizontal track radius 200 m vertical curve capable Magnetic track brakes for emergency braking Multiple Unit compatible

15. Easy to move Each LRV needs only 3 trucks to move

16. Making the NEWS

17. Preliminary Energy Results  Blackpool old tram = 1.5kWh/km  Manchester Metrolink = 4.0kWh/km  Sheffield Supertram = 4.8kWh/km  TRAM Power City Class = 0.9kWh/km  Why ?  Lower weight  High efficiency (flux vector) drive  Blackpool old tram = 1.5kWh/km  Manchester Metrolink = 4.0kWh/km  Sheffield Supertram = 4.8kWh/km  TRAM Power City Class = 0.9kWh/km  Why ?  Lower weight  High efficiency (flux vector) drive

18. Last stage = pre-production tram Learning from prototype Testing on modern tramway, eg in London Setting up production team